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LIBRARY OF CONGRES 



^A./.. L"D I tfe J3 



- PRBSSSTTlfD BY 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



PROCEEDINGS 



AT THE INAUGURATION OF 

FEEDEEICK A. P. BAEMED, S.T.D., LL.D., 



PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 



MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1864. 



PUBLISHED BY ORDER OP THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 




1867 ^ 



NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY KURD AND HOUGHTON, 

401 Broadway, corner of Walker Street. 
1865. 

J 






RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: 
PaiNTED BY n. 0. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 



At the stated meeting of the Trustees of Columbia 
College, in March, a. d. 1864, the President of the Col- 
lege, Charles King, LL. D., tendered to the Board his 
resignation of the office which he held, in the follow- 
ing letter: — 

Columbia College, President's Room, 
2d February, 1864. 

Dear Sir, — In pursuance of the purpose announced by 
me yesterday at the meeting of the Trustees, I hereby ten- 
der my resignation of the office of President of Columbia 
College, to take effect at a period not. later than the next 
Commencement, at the close of the month of June, or at 
any earlier date that may possibly be deemed advantageous 
for the College. 

I am admonished by advancing years of the need of re- 
pose, and feel that the daily responsibilities and cares of the 
Presidency are becoming too burdensome. 

In thus taking leave of a position which for the period of 
fifteen years I have occupied with great personal satisfaction 
and pride, I beg to express to you, and to the gentlemen of 
the Board, my high appreciation of the courtesy and consid- 
eration which have ever marked their personal and official 
relations with me, and to assure them and you of the con- 
stant regard and respect of 

Your obd't hbl. se^v't, 

CHARLES KING, 

PresH Col Coll. 
The Hon. H. Fish, 
Chairman Board of T'rustees of Col. Coll 



4 INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 

Upon the reading of this letter, the Trustees 
passed the following resolution: — 

Resolved^ That the resignation of President King be ac- 
cepted, to take effect at the end of the present term, at the 
close of Commencement ; and that a committee of three per- 
sons be appointed to report appropriate resolutions. 

Bishop Potter, Mr. Bradford, and Mr. Ruggles were 
appointed the committee. 

At a meeting of the Trustees held April 4th, Bishop 
Potter, from the committee appointed to prepare reso- 
lutions, in consequence of the resignation of Presi- 
dent King, reported as follows: — 

The committee appointed to report appropriate resolutions 
for the adoption of this Board, on occasion of the resignation 
of President King, beg leave respectfully to offer, for the con- 
sideration of tlie Trustees, the following preamble and resolu- 
tions : 

Whereas our esteemed associate of many years, Charles 
King, LL. D., has tendered to this Board the resignation of 
his office as President of Columbia College, assigning as rea- 
son for the step that he is admonished by the advance of 
years of the need of repose, and feels that the daily respon- 
sibilities and cares of the Presidency are becoming burden- 
some ; 

And whereas this Board has felt that a resignation so 
tendered, after many years of faithful service, could not be 
properly declined, and has accordingly accepted the same, 
ordering that it shall take effect at the end of the present 
collegiate term, the latest day named in the communication 
of the President ; 

And whereas the presidential term of Dr. King has been 
distinguished by the removal of Columbia College to its pi'es- 
ent superior site, by much development and expansion of its 
educational system, and by very considerable enlargement of 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 5 

its means and appliances for instruction, an increase in the 
number of students, and a consequent augmentation of its 
importance and influence ; 

And whereas the bearing of the retiring President in his 
ofiicial relations with this Board has ever been marked by 
courtesy and kindness, by a frank, generous, elevated, and 
genial spirit, which engaged personal regard while it con- 
tributed to the pleasantness of our intercourse : 

TJierefore^ Resolved^ That the Trustees of Columbia Col- 
lege contemplate with much sensibility the approaching re- 
tirement of President King from a position that he has so 
long filled with untiring zeal and eminent ability, and that 
they unite in tendering him a unanimous expression of their 
respect and warm personal regard, and of their grateful sense 
of the earnestness with which he has labored to promote the 
best interests of the institution under his charge. 

Resolved, That the Trustees of Columbia College heart- 
ily tender to their retiring President their best wishes for his 
future health and happiness, earnestly praying that he may 
be long spared to consult and labor with them for the pro- 
motion of the best interests of education and learning;. 

Resolved, That a copy of these preambles and resolutions, 
attested by the Chairman and Clerk of this Board, be com- 
municated to President King. 

The preambles and resolutions were adopted. 

At a meeting of the Trustees held on the 18th 
of May, it was resolved to proceed to the election 
of a President of the College. A ballot having been 
duly taken, it was found that the Rev. Frederick 
A. P. Barnard, S. T. D., LL. D., was elected. Dr. Bar- 
nard accepted the office in the following letter : — 



6 INTEODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 

Washington, D. C, May 20, '64. 
William Beits, Esq., 

Clerk of the Board of Trustees of Columbia College, 
New York City. 

Sir, — Your letter of the 18th inst., officially informing 
me that I have been elected to the Presidency of Columbia 
College, has been received. 

I accept the position with a deep sense of the honor done 
me by the Board in conferring it, and with the hope that 
by an earnest devotion to the important duties which it in- 
volves, I may be so happy as, in some degree, to promote the 
interests of the Institution, and, through it, of the cause of 
education in the country. 

It will give me pleasure to confer with the Committee to 
which you allude. 

I have the honor to be, 

Very respectfully, 

Your ob't serv't, 

F. A. P. BARNARD. 

On the 6tli of June the Trustees adopted the fol- 
lowing resolutions, presented by the Committee of 
Arrangements which had been previously appointed, 
consisting of the Kev. Benjamin I. Haight, S. T. D., 
William Betts, LL. D., Henry J. Anderson, M. D., Ed- 
ward Jones, Esq., and the Rev. Morgan Dix, S. T. D. : 

Ordered, That the President of the College be requested 
and authorized, at the close of the exercises on the ensuing 
Commencement-day, in the name and behalf of the Board 
of Trustees, to announce to the assembled College that the 
Reverend Frederick A. P. Barnard, S. T. D., LL. D., has 
been duly elected President of Columbia College, and that 
he will enter upon the duties of his office from and after 
that hour ; and that his formal inauguration will take place 
on the first day of the Fall Session, Monday, October 3d ; 
and further, 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 7 

Ordered^ That tlie President then deliver into the hands of 
the President elect the keys of the College. 

Ordered^ That a*copy of the foregoing order be given to 
the President, as the warrant of the action requested of him 
by the Board. 

On Commencement-day, Wednesday, June 29th, 
at the close of the usual exercises. President King 
delivered the following 

ADDRESS. 

The hour has now come when I am to take my final leave, 
as President of the College, of the members of the Board of 
Trustees, of my long-time associates of the Faculty, and of 
you, my young friends, graduates and sub-graduates of the 
College. 

After a service of fifteen years, and arrived at an age 
which demands relaxation and repose, the Trustees have 
been pleased to accept my resignation, and to appoint Rev. 
Frederick A. P. Barnard my successor, whom it will be 
my pleasure to introduce to you here. I do not renounce 
associations and duties which have been so attractive to me 
without many feelings of regi-et, — a regret, however, soft- 
ened by the memories I shall carry with me of the har- 
mony and kindness of our past intercourse, and by the hope 
that I may, in the future, still hold a friendly place in your 
regard. 

To you, gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, I render my 
thanks for the readiness and confidence with which you have 
supported me in the performance of my duties. Of you, my 
honored associates of the Faculty, I may now say what be- 
fore might not have seemed quite allowable, that with such a 
corps of teachers there is little excuse for any shortcoming 
on the part of students, and less for any on the part of the 
President, whose duties their zeal and intelligence so much 
lighten. While of you, graduates and sub-graduates of the 
College, I may declare, as the result of all my experience, 



8 INTRODUCTORY NAJIRATIVE. 

that to no man, in my judgment, can be confided a duty 
more honorable, more self-rewarding, or more enviable, than 
that of assisting to form and to train such natures to knowl- 
edge, honor, and truth. 

It is not, indeed, all sunshine. The path is not always 
plain and clear of difficulties ; for here, as elsewhere, the 
frailties of our imperfect humanity play their part, just as 
well with teachers as with learners ; but after all deductions, 
the relations of the President of this College to its pupils 
must be one of noble aspirations and inspirations, I say of 
this College, because of this I can judge, and because I re- 
gard our system, in which the refinements, the restraints, 
and the affections of home are so admirably combined with 
the instructions and discipline of this College, as affording to 
generous natures and well-ordered dispositions the best op- 
portunities for good education. 

To the class that now goes forth I bid a cordial God-speed ! 
They are the last whom it will be my fortune to avouch to 
the world as well-deserving ; and I may say, in all truth, 
that no one of the classes that have preceded them in my 
day was more deserving. In the battle of life upon which 
they are about to enter, they will quit themselves manfully 
and skilfully, — I hope, too, for each and all, successfully. 

In separating myself from the College I shall not, and 
could not if I would, separate myself from interest in the 
welfare of those with whom I have there been associated ; 
and I shall ever watch with some personal solicitude the 
pi-ogress of our alumni, and rejoice with the joy of friend- 
ship in wdiatever may honor them, and through them the 
generous institution from which they proceed. All hail, 
then, my young friends, and farewell ! 

And now, Sir, to you who are to succeed to the high office 
which I am about to leave, let me offer my most cordial con- 
gratulations. Familiar as you are with the duties of chief 
officer of a University, it would be at once presumptuous and 
unnecessary for me to advert in any manner to the nature of 
those duties. Success elsewhere is the sure guaranty of sue- 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 9 

cess here. I may be permitted, however, to bear my testi- 
mony to the excellence of the material with which you will 
have to deal, and the expression of my conviction, that, with 
such acknowledged abilities, attainments, and experience as 
you will bring to the fashioning of this material, there can be 
only good results. 

I therefore now resign my office into your hands, present- 
ing to you the charter, statutes, and by-laws of the College, 
and in the name and by the authority of the Trustees I salute 
you as President of Columbia College, and as such I present 
you to the students and to this goodly assembly. 

REPLY OF THE REV. DR. BARNARD. 

I accept, Mr. President, with unfeigned diffidence, the 
weighty responsibility, which, after a protracted period of 
honorable and successful service, you have chosen to lay 
aside, and which the Board of Trustees of Columbia College 
have seen fit to confide to me as your successor. Though 
by your long and faithful labors in the educational field yoa 
have fairly earned your title to repose, I feel assured that 
you will be followed in your retirement by the sincerest re- 
grets of all the friends of Columbia College, and by their 
most fervent wishes and prayers for your continued welfare. 

Suitably to fill the place which you have left vacant, I feel 
to be an undertaking at once difficult and delicate. Should 
the success attend me which your kindness has prompted 
you to predict, it will be principally, without doubt, because 
I shall enjoy the counsel and cooperation of the able and dis- 
tinguished colleagues by whom you have been surrounded, 
as well as the support and encouragement of an enlightened 
Board of Trustees, who watch over the interests of this noble 
institution with a vigilance which never slumbers, and a zeal 
which never tires. 

Nor do I count it as among the least, by any means, of 
the encouragements which the prospect before me presents, 
that I shall here meet a band of youthful aspirants after 



10 INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 

knowledge, animated by elevated and generous sentiments, 
distinguished for gentlemanly demeanor, and imbued with 
the ennobling love of letters. 

Under such circumstances, and favored by such advan- 
tages, I trust that Columbia College may continue to be, 
what she has ever hitherto been, a nursery of sound learn- 
ing, and a school of thorough intellectual training. I trust 
that she may continue to foster, no less assiduously than here- 
tofore, the love of that noble literature of antiquity, which 
has ever been esteemed the indispensable basis of finished 
scholarship ; and that she may, at the same time, open wide 
the way to those rich treasures of science which the tireless 
spirit of modern investigation has wrung from nature by the 
direct interrogation of the glorious works of God. I trust 
that, while firmly holding fast that which is good of the ac- 
cumulated learning of the past, she may show herself equally 
alive to the splendor of the intellectual triumphs which dis- 
tinguish and illustrate the present; and may even take rank 
as a positive participant in those grand movements of prog- 
ress by which the boundaries of human knowledge are ex- 
tended, and the human race itself lifted to a higher level in 
the scale of being. 

To secure the fulfilment of these anticipations, my most 
earnest efforts shall be unceasingly directed. And the known 
and well-tested abilities of the gentlemen who will be asso- 
ciated with me in my labors, furnish a secure guaranty against 
any possibility of failure which might be a consequence of my 
own conscious deficiencies. 

Perhaps it may be permitted me here to add, that, in mak- 
ing this city my residence, I do not feel that I come altogether 
as a stranger. It was here that my active life began, and 
though since that day I have wandered far and tarried long, 
my heart has never wandered from the scenes made dear to 
it by early associations ; and in returning at length to this 
my starting-point, I feel like one who has found a long-lost 
home. 

But I trespass too far upon the patience of this assembly. 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 11 

already tried by the protracted though interesting exercises 
of the day. Permit me, therefore, to conclude by offering 
to you, Mr. President, to the gentlemen of the Board of 
Trustees, to the gentlemen of the Faculty, to the alumni 
and undergraduates of the College, and to you, citizens of 
this great metropolis, whom I claim the privilege of hence- 
forth addressing as my fellow-citizens, my most respectful 
salutations. 

On Monday, October Sd, a. d. 1864, being the 
One Hundred and Tenth Year of the Foundation 
of Columbia College, which day had been appointed 
for the Inauguration of Dr. Barnard, as the Tenth 
President of the College,* the Trustees received the 
Faculties of Arts, Law, and Medicine, and the Pro- 
fessors of the School of Mines, together with the 
Alumni and the Invited Guests, in the Library, 
whence, at twelve o'clock, they went in procession 
to the Chapel, under the direction of Professor Peck, 
LL. D., and A. I. Van Duzer, A. M., Secretary of the 
Alumni Association, who had been requested by the 
Committee of Arrangements to act as Marshals, in 
the following 

ORDER. 

1. Chairman of the Board of Trustees and President Elect. 

2. Ex-Presidents of Columbia College, and Emeritus Professor 

of the Evidences. 

3. Trustees of the College, headed by the Committee of Arrange- 

ments. 

4. Representatives of the United States, State, and City Govern- 

ments. 

5. Regents of the University of the State of New York. 

6. Rector, Church Wardens, and Vestrymen of Trinity Church 

(as the first and munificent patrons of the College). 

* See Note at the end of this nan-ative. 



12 INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 

7. Chaplain of the College. 

8. Faculty of Arts and Librarian. 

9. Faculty of Medicine. 

10. Faculty of Law. 

11. Other Professors. 

12. President and Officers of the Alumni Association. 

13. Presidents of other Colleges. 

14. Officers of other Colleges. 

15. Alumni of Columbia College. 

16. The Clergy. 

17. Officers and Representatives of Literary, Scientific, and Art 

Associations. 

18. Other Invited Guests. 

19. Students. 

In the Chapel, the Chairman of the Board of Trus- 
tees, with the President Elect, Ex-Presidents Moore 
and King, the Trustees, and the President of the 
Alumni Association, with a number of the senior 
Alumni and invited guests, took their places on the 
platform, in front of which were arranged the mem- 
bers of the several Faculties. After a Voluntary on 
the Organ, by William H. Walter, Esq., the Organist 
of the College, the Chaplain of the College, the Rev. 
Cornelius R. Duffie, A.M., said appropriate prayers 
from the Book of Common Prayer, read a Lesson 
from the Holy Scriptures, and offered the following 
Prayer, suitable to the occasion: — 

PRAYER. . 

O Almighty God, " in whom we live and move and have 
our being," we desire that " all our works " may be " begun, 
continued, and ended in Thee," that so we may in all things 
"glorify Thy Holy Name." We therefore come before Thee 
to-day to offer our prayers unto Thee in behalf of this our 
College, at the commencement of a new era in its history, 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 13 

and especially in behalf of him who now enters on his re- 
sponsible duties as its newly appointed head. 

O Fountain of all grace and blessing, do Thou bestow 
upon him the spirit of wisdom and of strength ; of wisdom 
to devise, of strength to carry into good effect, whatever may 
be for the interest and prosperity of this Institution, and for 
the temporal and eternal benefit of the youth intrusted to its 
training. Do Thou bless and further all his endeavors for 
the promotion of the honor and usefulness of this College, as 
an instrument of " sound learning and Christian education." 
Lead all who are connected with it, whether as Trustees, 
Professors, or Students, to hearty cooperation with him in all 
plans and efforts for the enlargement of its powers for good ; 
and especially to the Pupils give the disposition to yield all 
respect and subordination to the lawful authority of its head, 
and avail themselves to the utmost, by diligence, docility, and 
obedience, of the advantages here afforded them ; that so, by 
the cherishing care of this our College, they may be fitted for 
usefulness in their generation here; and, having served Thee 
faithfully on earth, may be admitted to endless happiness 
hereafter, " in Thy light to see light," and to advance from 
knowledge to knowledge, and from glory to glory, through 
eternal ao;es. All which we ask through the merits and me- 
diation of Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord. Amen. 

The President elect was then Inducted into Office 
by the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, the Hon. 
Hamilton Fish, LL.D., receiving from his hands the 
Keys of the College and the Charter, and took his 
seat in the President's Chair. 

An Address to the President from the Professors 
in the several Faculties was then presented and 
read by Professor Nairne ; and an Address from 
the Alumni, by Dr. Anderson, President of the Asso- 
ciation. 



14 INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 

The President then delivered his Inaugural Dis- 
course. 

The following Hymn, written for the occasion by 
William Betts, LL.D., a member of the Class of 1820, 
was then sung with great spirit by the congrega- 
tion : — 

HYMN. 

Spirit of the upper sky ! 
Thou, whose all-pervading eye 
Pierceth through Infinity, 

Look upon our work to-day ; 
Let thy form, celestial Dove, 
Hover o'er us from above, 
Filling every heart with love, 

While we lowly bend and pray. 

Grant us purity of soul 
Evil passions to control. 
Let thy bright effulgence roll 

Light on this thy servant's heart ; 
Grant him grace his work to do. 
Grant him to be just and true. 
With earth's knowledge e'er in view, 

Heavenly wisdom to impart. 

The Exercises in the Chapel were closed by the 
Benediction, pronounced by the Reverend President. 

Subsequently, the President and Trustees received 
the Professors, the Alumni, and the invited guests at 
the President's House. 



INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE. 15 



NOTE. 

The following is a List of the Presidents of Columbia Col- 
lege from its foundation : — 

1. Samuel Johnson, S. T. D., LL. D., a. d. 1754 to 1763. 
Resigned. 

2. Myles Cooper, S. T. D., LL. D., a. d. 1763 to 1775. 
Abdicated. 

A. D. 1776 to 1784. College closed. 
A. D. 1784 to 1787. No President. 

3. William Samuel Johnson, LL. D., a. d. 1787 to 1800. 
Resigned. 

4. Charles Wharton, S.T.D., a. d. 1801 to 1801. Re- 
signed. 

5. Benjamin Moore, S. T. D., a. d. 1801 to 1811. Re- 
signed. 

6. Wilham Harris, S. T. D., a. d. 1811 to 1829. Died. 

7. William Alexander Duer, LL. D., a. d. 1829 to 1842. 
Resigned. 

8. Nathaniel F. Moore, LL. D., a. d. 1842 to 1849. Re- 
signed. 

9. Charles King, LL. D., a. d. 1849 to 1864. Resigned. 

10. Frederick A. P. Barnard, S. T. D., LL. D., a. d. 1864.* 

/^ From A. D. 1811 to 1816, the Rev. John M. Mason, 
S .T. D., was Provost. 

* Dr. Barnard was graduated at Yale College, in the class of 1828, 
and was a Tutor in that College, A. d. 1880-31. He was elected a Pro- 
fessor in the University of Alabama, in 1837, where he remained seven- 
teen years, filling successively the chairs of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy, and of Chemistry and Natural History. In 1854 he was 
chosen Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the Univer- 
sity of Mississippi, of which Institution he became the President in 1856 
and the Chancellor in 1861, filling also the chair of Physics and Astron- 
omy. The degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Y''ale College, 
and that of S. T. D. by the University of Mississippi. 



ADDEESS 



THE HON. HAMILTON FISH, LL.B., 

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OP TRUSTEES, 



REPLY 



PRESIDENT BARNARD. 



THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 



Doctor Barnard : — The corporate authorities of this 
ancient institution, by a deliberate vote, and with a cordial 
unanimity, have called you to the Presidency of the College, 
made vacant by the resignation of its late amiable and ac- 
complished occupant. We are assembled for the pur])osc of 
completing your induction into office, by the delivery to you 
of the keys of the College, and a copy of its charter, as the 
symbols of the office committed to you. 

In the discharge of your duties, you will have as your 
assistants a Faculty well tried, and of approved ability, learn- 
ing, and success in the several departments of science and 
of arts. You will have the cordial support and sympathy 
of the corporate authorities of the College, in every measure 
tending to promote its interests, and the cause of education 
and of learning. 

We commit to your care a generous band of ingenuous 
youths, — objects of interest, affection, and pride in the pres- 
ent, of deep and earnest hope in the future, — preparing 
for the stern contest of life, and soon to become busy actors in 
the world's great drama. We bespeak for them, collectively 
and individually, your tender care, your stern watchfulness, 
your affection. Train, instruct, incite, restrain them, — 

Viamque iusiste domandi, 
Dum faciles animi juvenum, diim mobilis setas. 

Our College is liberally endowed, has lands, has wealth ; 



20 THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 

Ibut these young gentlemen she esteems her most precious 
treasures. 

While we are full of hope and of affection for those now 
committed to your care, we cherish a just pride in those who 
have preceded them, and have heretofore gone forth from the 
training and the discipline of this institution. 

The presence with us, this day, of some of these, and the 
still active engagements of others, restrain words of praise 
which I should be most happy to express. But I trust that 
it will he no invidious distinction to mention the names of 
some whose talents and attainments have been devoted to the 
service of the College. 

Among your associates sits, on your right, the Venerable 
and Reverend M'Vickar, eminent in piety, and of varied 
and profound learning, who has devoted nearly half a century 
of efficient labor to the instruction of the College. 

Upon your left is Anthon, who for nearly an equal 
period of time has given reputation to the College, and has 
thrown attractions around the classic literature and learning 
of which he is the accomplished master. 

There, too, on either side, are Drissler and Van Am- 
RiNGE, younger in years and in service, but bright and shin- 
ing lights, brilliant in accomplishments, profound in attain- 
ments. 

No longer in the academic board, but still in the service of 
the College, is Anderson, who filled, with consummate ability 
and grace, the chair of mathematics. Renwick rests from 
his labors, but his memory is fresh in these halls, and he 
will ever be named when the College calls the roll of her dis- 
tinguished sons. 

And there is the beloved and venerable man * whose pres- 
ence graces this occasion, the elder of your surviving prede- 
cessors in the Presidency, — full of years, full of learning, and 
full of affections and of sympathies, which are returned, in full 

* Nathaniel F. Moore, LL. D., for many years Professor of the 
Greek and Latin languages and literature, and subsequently President 
of the College. 



THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 21 

measure and overflowing, by all who were his pupils, by all 
who appreciate learning and accomplishment, virtue and dig- 
nity. More than fourscore years have failed to impair his 
joyousness, to affect his powers, or to diminish his interest 
in letters and in science, — " discenti assidiie multa, senecta 
venit." 

Passing to the ante-Revolutionary period, when our Institu- 
tion was known as " King's College," and was but recently 
established, and her sons were few, the names of Jay, Living- 
ston, Morris, Benson, Hamilton, Van Cortlandt, Troup, Rut- 
gers, Willett, Duane, attest the justness of our pride, and the 
prominence of the sons of our College, both in council and 
in the field, and their influence in moulding and in controlling 
the events that resulted in American Independence, and in 
the establishment of the government under which thirteen 
feeble Colonies grew to be a great and powerful nation. 

The genius of Alexander Hamilton, seen and felt every- 
where in the early history of the Republic, is impressed upon 
every page of the Federal Constitution. 

The graceful and accomplished pen of Gouverneur Mor- 
ris reduced to form the accepted priiiciples and the conclu- 
sions of the Convention which framed the Constitution, and 
gave them the language and the diction in which that sacred 
instrument challenges our admiration, our gratitude, and our 
confidence. 

Truly and beautifully was it said by one who could appre- 
ciate truth and purity and intellectual greatness, that " when 
the ermine of justice fell upon the shoulders of John Jay, it 
touched nothing less pure than itself." 

John Jay, too, was an alumnus of this College, and was 
an associate with Hamilton in the authorship of " The Fed- 
eralist," that powerful, persuasive publication, whose logic and 
eloquence subdued passion, overcame prejudice, and secured 
to grateful millions the blessings of the ark of om- political 
covenant. 

Our College, claiming that these three of her sons breathed 
its genius and life into the Constitution, gave it the style 



22 THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 

that graces it, and contributed the clearest and most effective 
arguments for its adoption, is thus bound, beyond all others, 
by a triple tie, to its support and maintenance. It was the 
boast of the father of Hannibal, (referring to his three sons,) 
that he kept three lions to destroy his enemy. It is our boast 
that we raised three sons to give life and genius to a nation. 
And as the Carthaginian swore his son, at an early age, 
to eternal enmity to his country's foes, so let the teachings of 
our children, from their earliest childhood, be eternal war 
against all who would lay rude or violent hands upon the 
sacred instrument which holds together the Union committed 
to our keeping by honored fathers : a Union full of happi- 
ness in the past, and yet full of hope in the future, notwith- 
standing parricidal hands raised in the vain hope of destroy- 
ing that which rests upon principles that God himself has 
ordained to be eternal and immutable ! 

True to her history, let Columbia College send forth none 
other than sons trained to the capacity and filled with the 
resolution to maintain their fathers' wish ; yea, even to in- 
scribe more plainly the landmarks of right, to drive deepei? 
the stakes of truth, to implant more firmly the principles of 
heaven-born justice, and to place upon a loftier eminence, 
and upon a broader and stronger foundation, the standard of 
love to God and good-will among men, of God's universal 
supremacy and man's universal freedom and political equality. 

Such is the duty and the high privilege of our colleges 
and schools of learning. Theirs it is so to teach the great 
truths of morality and of revelation, and to blend and unite 
letters and science in such proportions and harmony, as to 
constitute a full panoply, stronger than that of the fabled 
goddess ; and thus arming their sons, to sejid forth men pre- 
pared wisely and ably to assume their parts in the direction 
and the responsibilities of every phase of man's varied life. 

For this purpose, you have your departments of letters and 
arts, with their refining tendencies, their culture, their disci- 
pline, their teachings, their accumulation of the wisdom and 
experience of the past, their subtle logic, and abstruse meta- 



THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 23 

physics, to educate and prepare the youthful warrior entering 
upon the stern battle of life ; while science will furnish the 
armory and storehouse whence to draw the material needed 
for the strife. And to this end science penetrates the lowest 
depths of the planet which we inhabit, develops its contents, 
and displays its composition ; divides and analyzes the impal- 
pable and invisible air, and the minutest ray of the heavenly 
orbs ; is not content to follow " the stars in their course,'' 
but anticipates and foretells with awful accuracy their com- 
plicated movements, and explores the mysterious relations of 
those vast and innumerable masses and influences which, 
moving and operating through illimitable space, acting, re- 
acting, and counteracting, with mutual and diversified rela- 
tions and compensations, under laws which Omniscience has 
imposed, exhibit the perfection of harmony pervading the 
infinity of creation. And far above and beyond the benefits 
to man's material interests which science thus develops, stands 
out, in letters of living light, its refutation of the hazy and 
misty doubts which halting and superficial skepticism would 
throw upon revelation. 

Thus Science becomes the handmaid and the companion 
of Religion, and confirms the faithful Christian in his reliance 
upon the revelation he has received, and in his hopes of the 
promises held out to the believer. 

To you. Sir, who have travelled widely and profitably 
through the various fields of letters and of arts, who have 
explored the most intricate paths of science, who are vested 
with a sacred commission to preach and to teach the gospel 
of Christ, is now committed the care and the supervision of 
this College. 

To one who has devoted so many years and so much of 
learning and of talent to the cause of education, it were super- 
fluous to enlarge upon the dignity and the importance of 
the training of youth up to the responsibilities of an age 
already full of events, and pregnant with consequences of 
portentous magnitude. It were superfluous to suggest how 



24 THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS. 

much of the domestic happiness of unnumbered homes, how 
many fortunes of untold famihes, how much, even, of the 
future of empire hangs upon the threads which, as a skilful 
educationist, you are to work, and to bind together. 

It remains for me. Sir, in the name and by the authority 
of the Trustees of Columbia College, to deliver to you these 
keys, and copy of the Charter, which I now present to you 
as the symbols of your office ; and in their name, and by 
their authority, I formally proclaim you to be the President 
of Columbia College. 

As such I present you to the Faculty of the College ; to 
the Alumni ; to the distinguished company who honor the 
occasion with their presence. 

To you, as such, I present and commend these young gen- 
tlemen, our students ; whose respect, affection, submission, 
and obedience I earnestly bespeak for the President of the 
College. 

President Barnard : — The cares and the duties of a 
responsible office now are yours. May you be sustained and 
supported in their efficient discharge. 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 



It is with the Kvehest sensibiHty that I accept, Mr. Chair- 
man, these symbols of the distinguished trust which the 
enh'ghtened body you represent, the legal guardians of this 
noble and venerable seminary of learning, have chosen to 
commit to my hands. I know too well the magnitude of the 
task before me, to enter upon it without a profound sense of 
my dependence for support and guidance, and all that can 
make success a possibility, upon the Divine Fountain of all 
strength and all wisdom. It is only in humble reliance upoYi 
the continuance of that gracious aid which has sustained me 
heretofore under responsibilities similarly grave, that I find 
encouragement to hope that my strength may here also be 
made equal to my day. 

There is something in the chain of incidents which has 
placed me in my present situation which seems to me re- 
markably to disclose the directing hand of Providence. A 
quarter of a century ago, it was my privilege and my pride to 
count myself a citizen of this great metropolis. Suddenly, 
and almost unexpectedly to myself, I was called to lend such 
aid as I might be able to contribute to advance the cause 
of higher education in the great Southwest. Buoyant with 
the hopes and animated by the enthusiasm natural to youth, 
I responded to the call. I found an inviting field. I 
encountered large-hearted and enlightened fellow-laborers. 
I was cheered by the encouraging voices of the intelligent 
and the influential throughout the community by which I was 
surrounded. My proper life's work seemed to lie before me ; 
4 



26 THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 

and where my work lay, there I fixed my home. Of the 
more than twenty years that followed, their labors and their 
trials, their discouragements and their successes, it is un- 
necessary here to speak. It is sufficient to say, that there 
came at length an hour which seemed freighted with the 
fruition of hopes long and ardently cherished, and with the 
reward of toils patiently and willingly endured ; and that in 
the same hour the arm c^ the beneficent government which 
had shielded me there as here — a government so beneficent 
and so mild as to be felt only in the protection it afforded and 
the blessings it shed around — was suddenly paralyzed. I 
discovered that the labor of my life had been practically 
thrown away. I discovered that my home was no longer my 
home, since rebellion, triumphant for the moment, declared 
that it was no longer my country. 

O you, whose happiness it has been to live where the 
glorious emblem of our national authority has never ceased 
to float upon the breeze ! it is not for you to know the anguish 
that has wrung the hearts of fervent lovers of their country, 
compelled to see that sacred ensign trampled in the dust. 
Nor is it for you to know the bitterness of that stern necessity 
which has forced such hearts to tear themselves from places 
made dear by the remembrance of many peaceful and happy 
years, — from all the traces they may have left of the earnest 
labors of a life, — from communities with whose interests 
their own have long been blended, and from friends whose 
many kindnesses have made them dearer than kindred, — in 
order to seek a sky beneath which patriotism shall not be 
crime, to find an atmosphere where loyalty may be free to 
breathe. 

It was thus, that, from the scene of my ruined projects, my 
frustrated labors, and my disappointed hopes, I turned away, 
animated but by one purpose, possessed by but one longing, 
— to find a spot over which the flag of my country might 
still be waving. I found it at length, and with it the security 
and the tranquillity of mind to which I had long been a 
stranger. But, more than this, I found friends, encourage- 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 



.27 



ment, honorable distinctions. Chief among these last, the 
highest academic distinction to which any ambition could 
aspire, I esteem that which I have received at your hands to- 
day. And in expressing my profound sense of this distin- 
guished honor, 1 cannot but be struck with the remarkable 
fact, that the spot to which by your invitation I return after 
an absence so protracted, these buildings and these grounds 
which you commit to my care, are the very same which 
formed my residence — though then devoted to purposes 
altogether different — when, a quarter of a century ago, I 
left this city for my distant Southern home. 

You have mentioned, Sir, in terms of beautiful and de- 
served eulogy, the illustrious names of those early graduates 
of this college, whose labors so largely contributed to the 
formation, and to the adoption by the people, of the great 
charter under which our country, for nearly three quarters of 
a century, continued to enjoy a happiness so unbroken and a 
prosperity so unparalleled. The interesting and memorable 
facts which you have recalled to our minds, impose upon 
every one, who shall ever in any capacity be connected with 
Columbia College, a peculiar obligation to maintain and 
defend the priceless heritage which they did so much to 
secure for us. 

I accept the obligation in its fullest extent ; but for myself 
I needed no new stimulus to this sacred duty. Next to the 
Bible in my heart, I cherish the love of that venerated instru- 
ment in which is embodied the living principle of our national 
unity ; and for one I never will consent to hold any parley or 
to enter into any compromise with such as flout its authority, 
until its insulted majesty is fully vindicated, and its unques- 
tioned supremacy reestablished and acknowledged over every 
foot of territory which its protection has ever reached, over 
every smallest spot which its benign influence has ever 
made happy. 

Permit me. Sir, in conclusion, to thank you for the kind 
language in which you have addressed me, and to express my 
especial gratification in having received my office at the hands 



28 THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 

of one who has been himself so often and so worthily the object 
of the highest honors his fellow-citizens could bestow.* 

* The Hon. Hamilton Fish was graduated at Columbia College in the 
class of 1827. He was a Representative from the City of New York in 
the Congress of the United States from A. d. 1843 to A. d. 1845. He 
was elected, successively, Lieutenant-Governor and Governor of the State 
New York, which offices he filled from a. d. 1847 to A. d. 1851. He was 
a member of the United States Senate, as one of the Senators from the 
State of New York, A. d. 1851 to A. d. 1857. He received the degree 
of LL. D., from Columbia College, in a. d. 1850, and was chosen Chair- 
man of the Board of Trustees of the College in a. d. 1859. 



ADDRESSES 



THE SEVERAL FACULTIES BY PEOFESSOR NAIRNE, 



AND FEOM THE 



ALUMNI BY Dr. ANDERSON, 



REPLY OF PRESIDENT BARNARD. 



ADDRESS FROM THE FACULTIES. 



Mr. President : — In the name of the Faculties of 
Cohimbia College, I bid jou welcome to our presidential 
chair. 

Our feelings at this time, Sir, may be supposed to resemble 
those of the peers in a monarchy at the accession of a new 
sovereign. They are feelings of anxiety and hope ; for the 
comfort of our situation and the prosperity of our school 
depend not a little on the disposition and capacity of our pre- 
siding officer. 

Accustomed as we have been to the kindness, affability, 
and urbanity of your venerable predecessor, we have natu- 
rally desired to find the same qualities in you ; and naturally 
too have we made inquiries as to the probability of our desire 
being fulfilled. 

Before we had the honor of your personal acquaintance, 
our questionings both of public and of private opinion had gone 
far to satisfy our hopes ; and our subsequent intercourse with 
you, slight though it has yet been, assures us that our expec- 
tations will not be disappointed. 

Your success elsewhere in academic government promises 
equal success in the city of New York ; and your experience 
may suggest improvements which will add to the already dis- 
tinguished reputation of Columbia College. 

Your well-known scientific acquirements, and your accom- 
plishments in elegant literature, as well as the knowledge 
of philosophy implied in a theological education, qualify you 
to appreciate good teaching in all our departments, and to 
encourage us by an intelligent approbation of our labors. 



32 ADDRESS FROM THE FACULTIES. 

You will be, in some sort, our representative at the Board 
of Trustees ; and in that capacity you will possess our entire 
confidence. Knowing by trial the toils and difficulties of the 
educator's office, you will be able to give opinions of greater 
worth and weight than they would be if you had never been 
by profession a teacher. 

We promise you our hearty coijperation in all matters 
pertaining to instruction and discipline in the College. From 
week to week, you and we will take counsel together at the 
college-board ; and to our class-rooms, where, in a kind of 
" State sovereignty," we individually preside, we hope you 
will often resort, that you may cheer us by your countenance 
and animate our students, as soldiers are animated when they 
do duty under the eye of their commander-in-chief. 

It delights us to understand that we shall have frequent 
opportunities of knowing you socially as well as profession- 
ally. The Professors of Columbia College, dwelling apart in 
»a great city, find it more difficult to cultivate friendship with 
each other than if they belonged to a rural institution ; but 
we trust that your leading the way toward the establishment 
of a closer social intimacy among us, may influence those 
of us who can make it convenient, to follow your excellent 
example. 

Once more, Sir, I bid you welcome ; and I am sure that I 
express the heart's desire of all my colleagues, as it is my 
own, when I pray that your presidency over our beloved 
college may be long, happy, prosperous, and honorable. 



ADDRESS FROM THE ALUMNI. 



Mr. President : — It is but a holiday's space since the sons 
of Old Columbia took occasion to do honor to her venerated 
chief, when, closing a long energy nobly devoted to her ser- 
vice, he passed his work gracefully over to the hands of his 
worthy successor. 

These sons then felt a sorrow which you were the first to 
comprehend and respect. They now feel a joy which your 
generous predecessor will be equally prompt to approve. Our 
regrets at that time abated nothing of your rank in our 
esteem, and what we now have to offer takes as certainly 
nothing from his. Reassured by this belief, Alma Mater 
(ever joyful in the joy of her sons) is unusually radiant to- 
day, and tenders you, fresh from her heart, a triple saluta- 
tion, as a grant of her prerogative, a measure of her trust, and 
a token of her honest delight. Your accession has just now 
been emphatically greeted by the administrators of her 
powers, and again by the learned expositors of her thought. 
In her wise liberality she has chosen that the members of 
these bodies may or not be her own flesh and blood ; yet 
their felicitations have been as loyal as a son's. Now we, her 
issue, sprung of her very loins and nurtured at her breast, 
must not be outdone in this encounter. 

And first we rejoice because we recognize in you, what we 
ever found in him you replace, (that surest title to all con- 
fidence,) the old fidelity, the '■^ prisca fides " — the hard-tried 
but proved allegiance to time-honored Truth. While you 
will not be unregardful of what art can do for beauty, science 
for use, and letters for both, you will yet maintain in full 

5 



34 ADDRESS FROM THE ALUMNI. 

supremacy that hallowed immemorial traditionary bond — 
honor everywhere to the lawful superior, and reverence to 
rightful authority. This bond and this supremacy, (without 
which all else is but a treacherous illusion,) — yes, you will 
maintain it, — suaviter, that it may be loYed, fortiter, that it 
may be felt and obeyed. 

You will justly appreciate the claims of modern knowl- 
edge ; but you will not let it be believed that she has come 
with any mission to contest, much less to curtail, our un- 
abridged Inheritance of Faith. Holding high in your esteem 
the grand capacities and noble disciplines by which wonders 
are varied, labors relieved, enjoyments multiplied, and liber- 
ties enlarged, you will not allow the best or boldest of them 
all to outrank that Wisdom Increate not made nor unbegotten, 
to whose God-given Jurisdiction all the philosophies and the 
philanthropies, which ever amused or beguiled or bewildered 
their human day and generation, will yet be brought to 
submit. We rejoice, too, because we know from your antece- 
dents, that, revering as you do all that age has rendered 
venerable, you can sympathize most genially with what is 
trustful or magnanimous in youth, so that even in its 
giddier aberrations you will see nothing worse than a child- 
like vivacity most easily subdued by a fatherly word. Your 
record is our warrant that your government will be paternal, 
with the mildness that takes from justice the semblance of 
severity, the steadiness that lends dignity and safety to in- 
dulgence, and the rare discretion that wins from the most 
wilful a generous obedience to a gentle request. 

For these and other reasons — believing as we do that you 
will always cherish, as the consecrated objects of your care. 
Alma and her children, as well those who like ourselves 
have been lately or long since sent forward to the front, 
as those who, now or soon, may come trooping to her side — 
the Alumni of Columbia College join cordially in the general 
welcome, and bid you, Mr. President, and your now happily 
inaugurated rule, a hearty Vivat and a brave God-speed ! 



THE PKESIDENT'S EEPLY 

TO THE FACULTIES AND THE ALUMNI. 



I KNOW no situation in life which is attended with a more 
oppressive weight of anxiety, than that of him who under- 
takes, with a conscientious sense of duty, to administer the 
affairs of a great educational institution. In most situations, 
the influence for good or for ill, which can be exerted by an 
individual upon the world around him, or the generations 
which are to come after him, is limited to the consequences 
of his own immediate acts. But the educator of youth, if 
faithful to his task, moulds largely the opinions and shapes 
the principles of others, and so, through the acts of many, 
is felt through a circle which is always large and is ever 
widening. He who, without a sense of misgiving, can assume 
a position of so difficult responsibility, must be sustained 
not only by an earnest zeal and a consciousness of good 
intent, but by a confidence in his own wisdom and strength 
which few have a right to entertain. Nor if, to one who 
occupies a position like that in which I find myself to-day, 
the future brings solicitude, will he be likely to find relief in 
turning his thoughts backward to the past ; for in the hon- 
orable history and noble reputation of the institution of which 
he is bold enough to assume the direction, he will behold the 
difficult measure by which his own work is to be tried ; and 
in the men who have created that history and achieved that 
reputation, he will see the standard by which he is himself to 
be judged. This consideration comes home to me on this 
occasion with singular force. For while I do not enter upon 



36 THE PKESIDENT'S REPLY. 

the trust confided to me here without some experimental 
acquaintance with its nature elsewhere acquired, it is new to 
me to feel the burden of a responsibility which extends to the 
past as well as to the future. Hitherto I have been a pioneer 
in the great educational army, laboring to clear new ways 
through the wilderness of ignorance, seeking to kindle new 
beacon-lights upon heights in advance of the grand march of 
intellectual culture across the continent. I have been en- 
deavoring to build upon new foundations, and not to carry 
on toward completion an edifice begun by others. Had I 
accomplished anything, had Providence permitted me to 
accomplish anything worthy of remembrance, the record 
would have been but the beginning of a history, and not its 
continuation. Had I finally failed, the failure would have 
been my own, and would have brought to ruin no goodly 
results of the labors of better men. It is not so here. My 
distinguished predecessors, — two of whom, by honoring with 
their presence the ceremonial of to-day, evince the undecay- 
ing interest they feel in the institution which owes them so 
much, — aided by the zealous cooperation of many learned 
colleagues and counsellors, have made of Columbia College an 
object of so just honor, veneration, and love, that any detri- 
ment which might befall her in the hands of a successor 
would bring to thousands of hearts an acute sense of a great 
public calamity. All this I feel with a depth which will 
greatly intensify the earnestness with which I enter upon the 
discharge of my duties here. 

To you. Sir, who on behalf of the Faculties of the College 
have tendered me so cordial a welcome, and to the body in 
whose name you have spoken, permit me to return the sincere 
thanks of a grateful heart for your generous words. Your 
language is to me a pledge that the harmony which, wherever 
men are associated for a common object, is the first essential 
to happiness as well as to success, shall ever preside over our 
united counsels and be illustrated in our common acts. And 
though there are few respects in which I can hope adequately 
to fill the place left vacant at your Board by my able and 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 37 

excellent predecessor, I can at least promise that no conscious 
act of mine shall ever disturb the harmony which his genial 
influence has diffused among you. With some of you, gen- 
tlemen, it is my happiness to have been already acquainted. 
Some, too, have been long known to me by the far-reaching 
reputation which has rewarded their successful labors in the 
field of letters and science. There 'are some, indeed, whom 
not to know would argue a singular ignorance of the scholar- 
ship and the literature of the country. To be associated with 
such men I feel to be a distinguished honor. If through that 
association I might attain to enjoy their friendship, I should 
esteem it as more than an honor, — it would be a happiness. 

You have kindly alluded to my past experience. If my 
experience has taught me any lesson it is this : that while 
the necessities of organization require that in every institu- 
tion there should be an executive head, whatever of efficiency 
an educational institution may exhibit, whatever of distinc- 
tion it may attain, will depend upon the learning, the ability, 
and the zeal of those who direct its several departments of 
instruction. To yourselves, gentlemen, Columbia College 
owes, in great part, her present honorable celebrity. To 
yourselves, should it continue, she will owe its perpetuation. 
And so long as the roll of her Faculty shall embrace the 
names of scholars and men of science, such as those who fill 
and adorn her several chairs to-day, so long she will main- 
tain her present proud position among the foremost of Amer- 
ican colleges. 

Entertaining sentiments like these, I shall be the last to 
question the legitimate exercise of that collegiate " State sov- 
ereignty " to which you have so pleasantly alluded. In his 
own proper province, each officer of a college should enjoy 
that freedom to which his superior acquaintance with all that 
relates to his peculiar domain entitles him. There is the 
less danger in the concession, inasmuch as the limits of this 
sovereignty are so clearly defined that the harmony of aca- 
demic rule is not likely to be disturbed by resort to so violent 
a measure as secession. 



38 THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 

To your suggestion of the advantages which may arise from 
freedom of social intercourse among those whose official duties 
bring them daily here into contact, I respond with all my 
heart. I embrace in this response the instructed no less than 
the instructors. If there be moments when the artificial re- 
lations created by academic law or usage may be forgotten, 
and student and teacher may meet upon the common ground 
of social equality, the consequences cannot but be, and my 
experience proves that it always will be, to foster sentiments 
of mutual kindness and mutual respect, and to promote the 
harmony and happiness of the whole academic circle. 

If I am cheered by the greeting which I receive from those 
who are to be my associates and fellow-laborers, I am flattered 
and gratified by that which meets me from you, gentlemen of 
the Alumni. The Alumni of a college constitute at all times 
its most fitting representatives. Their interest in the institu- 
tion in which their growing intellects were nurtured is prob- 
ably deeper than it was even when they were daily gathered 
within its venerated walls, and were still the objects of its 
fostering care. On the other hand, the institution looks on 
them with an honorable pride, as the fruits of her accom- 
plished labors, and the visible illustrations of her usefulness. 
Through them, in the various avocations of life which they 
fulfil and adorn, the beneficent influence of the college dif- 
fuses itself throughout all the ramifications of society, and is 
felt in giving elevation to the tone of public sentiment, and 
disseminating enlarged and liberal views of public policy. 

You, gentlemen, have much reason to be proud when you 
recall the many honored names which lend their lustre to the 
roll of your fraternity. There is no position of usefulness 
which Columbia's sons have not filled ; there is no post of 
honor which their virtues and their merits have not made 
more honorable. Their eloquence has shed brilliancy over 
the forum, their learning has added dignity to the bench, ad- 
miring throngs have listened to their words of wisdom in the 
senate chamber, and the persuasions of the pulpit have been 
made more resistless by the charm of their piety. In the 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 39 

infancy of our republic, as you have been already happily 
reminded, Columbia's sons were among the foremost of the 
statesmen who, by their identification with the origin and 
early history of our glorious national constitution, made 
themselves forever immortal ; and in the latest troubled days, 
when, over a portion of our land, that sacred charter of lib- 
erty is trampled in the dust, we find Columbia's sons still 
among the foremost to avenge the insult offered to the noble 
work of their fathers, and, if need be, to lay down their lives 
in its defence. What encouragement, what inspiration, may 
not the contemplation of such animating examples furnish to 
the ardent and generous youth who are pressing forward to 
inscribe their names upon the same honorable list. 

You have been pleased, Sir, to allude to those principles 
according to which, in my administration of the affairs of this 
institution, you suppose that I may be guided. 1 am grati- 
fied to recognize in your language sentiments which have long 
been mine. None appreciate more fully than I do the neces- 
sity of law ; or the value, as an element of character in young 
or old, of a reverence for constituted authority. But, if pos- 
sible, I would instil the principle of obedience, by ever asso- 
ciating it with the sense of right. In most instances, indeed, 
in which I have known authority to come into conflict with 
the spirit of insubordination, I have found the most efficacious 
appeal which can be addressed to an ingenuous youth to be, 
Examine the case for yourself, and tell me honestly the de- 
cision of your own conscience. Law, it is true, must be 
obeyed ; but in order that obedience may be what it should 
be, a part of a beneficial moral culture, it should be grounded 
in a conviction that law is not only necessary, but is also 
right. We should be able to feel as well as, in the language 
of Hooker, to say, " Of law there can be no less acknowl- 
edged than that her seat is the bosom of God, and her voice 
is the harmony of the world." 

You have spoken of my sympathy with what is trustful 
and magnanimous in youth. In this you have touched the 
key to whatever of success may have attended me as a col- 



40 THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 

lege governor. I love young men. Seldom have I found 
them otherwise than frank, truthful, arid generous. Their 
very faults are often but the exaggeration of impulses which 
themselves are noble. It is rare indeed that -they evince a 
deliberate purpose of wrong. In most instances gently to 
point out the error is sufficient to secure its correction. 

I am cheered by the sunny hopefulness of the 3^oung. I am 
warmed by their ardor. I give them spontaneously my con- 
fidence, and look for theirs in return. It has not often been 
my misfortune to meet with disappointment. Upon this basis, 
college government has succeeded. I cannot doubt that it 
will succeed again. 

You are right. Sir, in attributing to me a high appreciation 
of the value of modern science. We naturally value that 
which has largely and continuously occupied our thoughts; 
and my past professional pursuits have conspired with my 
natural tastes to foster the sentiment to which you refer. It 
seems to me, indeed, that no one can be an indifferent spec- 
tator of a scientific progress which is daily making so vast 
contributions to the increase of human comfort, and to the 
enlargement of the wealth of nations. Yet I thank you for 
doing me the justice to believe that I would allow no science 
or knowledge of merely human origin to take precedence, for 
a moment, of that heavenly wisdom whose office is, not exclu- 
sively to enlighten the understanding, but, rather, to purify 
the heart. 

I think I do not misinterpret you when I presume, that, in 
relation to this subject, your words have been chosen with 
reference to the imaginary conflict asserted by some to exist 
between the teachings of the sacred oracles of our religion 
and certain of the conclusions of modern scientific research. 
I do not recognize such a conflict, nor admit its possibility. 
All true science is to me but a form of revelation from the 
one great Author of all truth. I cannot conceive that He in 
whom there is no variableness nor shadow of turning, will 
ever be found to contradict in His works the declarations 
which He has made us in His written Word. And what- 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 41 

ever may be the amount or the seeming value of that truth 
which has rewarded, by its discovery, the faithful labors of 
modern scientific investigators, or whatever the grandeur of 
the multiplied achievements of human intellect in every de- 
partment of inquiry, I esteem all these things combined as 
lighter than vanity, unless accompanied by that better and 
higher and pm-er knowledge which lifts men above the mate- 
rial world in wliich they dwell, and makes them wise unto 
salvation. 

Once more, Sir, permit me to thank you for the encour- 
agement your words have given me, and for the hearty good 
wishes with which you cheer me on my way. 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 



The occasion on which we are assembled, the cere- 
monial in which we participate, and the associations 
naturally clustering round a spot which learning has 
hallowed by making it her seat, would seem to leave 
little choice in regard to the theme which should oc- 
cupy us to-day. A noble institution devoted to the 
highest mental culture of generous youth, after more 
than a century of honorable usefulness and distin- 
guished success, is about entering upon another year 
of its beneficent labors ; and at this moment the 
guidance of its operations and the guardianship of 
its interests are committed to an untried hand. It 
would be in accordance with a generally prevalent 
usage, and would be possibly also a compliance with 
general expectation, that the brief space allotted me 
on this occasion should be devoted to a declaration 
of the views by which, as an educationist, I expect 
to be governed, and according to which I desire to 
see the course of education conducted in this insti- 
tution. If I do not conform to this usage or meet 
this expectation, it is not because there is anything 
in those views uncertain or doubtful ; or anything 
which I apprehend, before an enlightened audience 



46 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

like this, would be likely to meet with dissent ; but 
rather because, on the other hand, I have already so 
often and so fully made them public, as to leave me 
no reason to suspect that they are either unknown 
or misapprehended. 

The subject of education is one which has occu- 
pied the most thoughtful minds of every age ; and 
it is probable that the fundamental principles which 
should direct a truly liberal education may be as 
clearly deduced from the writings of Aristotle, of 
Seneca, or of Quintilian, as from those of the most 
judicious thinkers of modern times. And yet there 
is probably no subject in regard to which, were we 
to judge from the controversial literature to which it 
has given rise, we might be led to infer that there is 
so little that is settled, and so much that is uncertain 
or doubtful. Within the past twenty or thirty years, 
our long-tested and successful system of collegiate 
instruction has, in particular, been so persistently de- 
cried and so seriously menaced, as to fill the friends of 
sound education throughout our country with alarm, 
and to compel them to discuss the whole theory and 
practice of our higher education with anxious earnest- 
ness and b}^ the light of first principles. In these dis- 
cussions I have endeavored, according to my ability, 
to bear my part. It has, by force of circumstances, 
been made my duty — a duty which I have esteemed 
a privilege — to withstand the dangerous assaults of 
that blindly destructive spirit which would sacrifice 
the admirable system of mental culture existing in 
our colleges to some visionary scheme of presumed 
higher utility. In acquitting myself of this duty, I 
have held that the end to be kept in view in liberal 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 47 

education should be to make of man all that, as an 
intelligent and moral being, he is capable of becom- 
ing, in view of the immortal destiny before him, and 
with but secondary regard to the accidental interests 
of this temporary life. I have held that such a cul- 
ture will actually make him more fit to fill success- 
fully any position to which he may be called in this 
world, will make him a more efiicient worker, a more 
useful member of society, a better citizen, than any 
training especially planned with the intent to pro- 
duce these specific results. And I have also held, 
that the studies which now occupy the most promi- 
nent place in the course of collegiate training, and 
which have ever occupied that place since our coUe- 
giate system was founded, are the studies which, on 
psychological grounds, are manifestly best adapted 
to furnish such a culture. 

I hesitate to enter again to-day upon a path which 
I have trodden so often before ; and I hesitate the 
more because the controversies to which I have al- 
luded have apparently subsided. I could offer but 
little which would possess the merit of originality. 
I might weary by presenting arguments which, 
through repetition, have lost the gloss of novelty; 
and I scarcely need now renew a profession of faith 
which has been so often distinctly set forth before. 
I presume, therefore, upon the indulgence of my au- 
dience, so far as to select a theme suggested by the 
peculiar circumstances in which I find this institu- 
tion at the moment when my connection with it 
commences. 

The Board of Trustees of Columbia College have 
long entertained a purpose to extend the field of in- 



48 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

struction occupied by the institution, so that it may 
embrace at once larger and higher ground. Such a 
design cannot, it is obvious, be carried out at once 
in all its completeness. It is necessary, that, in the 
beginning, it should be restricted to certain deter- 
minate branches of knowledge ; and these, in order 
to secure the largest probabilities of success, will be 
most wisely chosen from among the class of subjects 
in regard to which there is most urgently felt the 
sense of a great public want. Such are, at present, 
the physical sciences as applied to the arts : and the 
object now immediately proposed contemplates the 
opening of a department in which shall be taught 
the modes in which geological, mechanical, and chem- 
ical science may be brought to bear upon the devel- 
opment of the mineral resources of the country. 

It seems indispensable, in a country like this, where 
nature remains to so large an extent unsubdued, and 
the temptations to every description of industrial en- 
terprise are so vast, that the first attempts to expand 
educational institutions into the form of proper uni- 
versities should be made with a view to take advan- 
tage of that practical spirit which will encourage 
more extended and more thorough teaching in the 
direction in which it finds it profitable to do so. 
By pursuing this course we secure permanence and 
strength ; and when these are once ours, we may 
make our schools the agencies by which not merely 
the practical uses of science shall be made known, 
but through which also investigations may be insti- 
tuted with a view to enlarge the domain of science 
itself 

Moreover, to have established a successful school 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 49 

in one branch of knowledge is to have created a nu- 
cleus around which others may cluster. And as, in 
our sister institution at New Haven, to the school of 
science originally there established have been since 
added schools of philosophy, philology, and history, 
and will yet doubtless be added other schools em- 
bracing every department of teaching in letters and 
science, so we may reasonably expect that our pres- 
ent beginning may be the means of drawing to us 
such aid from those to whom the prosperity of this 
college is dear, or who would not willingly see the 
institutions of this magnificent city inferior to those 
of many minor towns, as may enable us also to pre- 
sent, as time advances, all the various attractions to 
seekers after knowledge, which are necessary to com- 
plete the full ideal of a university. 

At present, however, our newly established school 
is but a school of physical science ; and the circum- 
stance that the commencement of its active opera- 
tions coincides with the date at which my own con- 
nection with the college begins, has led me naturally 
to the train of thought to which I venture to in- 
vite your attention. My theme may be briefly 
stated to be the relation of physical science to 
revealed religion. 

While my life has been principally devoted to 
the cause of education in general, it is known, I 
believe, that my own special pursuits have been 
connected with the science of nature. I love that 
study both because it is beautiful in itself and be- 
cause its influence upon the mind and upon the 
character seems to me to be eminently salutary. I 
believe that there is no study of which the legiti- 



50 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

mate tendencies are more distinctly to foster in man 
the spirit of humility, or to awaken within him feel- 
ings of profound reverence toward God. I believe, 
indeed, that in spreading out His wonderful works 
before us, and clothing them with so many attrac- 
tions, it has been the manifest purpose of the Cre- 
ator to make them the means of drawing men to 
Himself And I believe that the religious sentiment 
thus naturally inspired is one which disposes the 
soul to receive with delight and gratitude those more 
distinct announcements of Himself and of his pur- 
poses toward men, which He has made in his writ- 
ten Word. 

It is nevertheless true, that modern physical science, 
as it has been built up gradually by methods founded 
on the precept of Bacon and the practice of Galileo, 
has been fated, from its earliest beginnings, to en- 
counter the jealous suspicion, or the open and active 
opposition of those who have been charged with the 
guardianship of the interests of religion. For the 
earlier manifestations of this spirit a natural expla- 
nation suggests itself Previously to the recognition 
of the great principle of induction as the guide of 
philosophic inquiry — the epoch from which our mod- 
ern science dates — there was already in existence 
a species of natural science resting chiefly upon hy- 
pothesis, but interwoven with many inferences drawn 
from passages in the sacred writings. To any intel- 
ligent reader at this day it will be apparent that 
these inferences are rarely warranted by the texts 
from which they are deduced, but that they are in 
most instances the offspring of the fertile imagina- 
tions in which the system originated. Under the title 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 51 

" De Principiis Renim Naiuralium^' this philosophy 
was everywhere taught in the mediaeval schools. As- 
suming to be founded on revelation, its truth became 
matter of religious faith ; and any doctrine conflict- 
ing with it was denounced .without inquiry as heret- 
ical. 

Thus, in her very birth, our modern science found 
herself confronted with a formidable and discouraging 
opposition growing out of the preconceptions of the 
religious world. Nor, unfortunately, though the phi- 
losophy of the Middle Ages has been long exploded, 
has the breach which had its beginning there been 
ever entirely healed. Nature still continues to be 
studied in the Bible by the light of philology, and 
the results of this study are made the touchstone of 
the acceptability of conclusions founded on the most 
careful and conscientious study of nature herself 
That this is a process which ought to be inverted, 
and that science should be made the torch by which 
to read the Scriptures, or should supply the clew to 
their interpretation, is a principle which is yet re- 
ceived with very limited favor. And thus, for every 
ancient controversy between science and religion 
which has perished from the memories of men, another 
and another more recent have sprung into life. A 
state of things has thus grown up, which is most sin- 
cerely to be lamented. It is one which, if it continue, 
is destined to produce most injurious consequences 
to science and to religion at the same time. It will 
injure science by enlisting against her the most pow- 
erful of influences, — the public opinion of probably 
the largest portion of the Christian world. Such a 
discouragement she is little able to bear. Even now 



52 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

her advances are made under circumstances of quite 
sufficient difficulty. Though daily conferring upon 
the human race gifts of inestimable value, few of 
these are the return she makes for any benefit re- 
ceived, for any honor conferred upon her sons, or any 
support accorded to her by governments. Most of 
the brilliant discoveries which have signalized her 
history, which have brought wealth to nations, and 
endlessly enlarged the sources of human comfort, 
have been due to the solitary, patient, and unaided 
labor of her disinterested votaries. An enlightened 
regard for the highest interests of society would dic- 
tate a policy very different from this. It would sug- 
gest that the strongest incentives should be held out 
to the prosecution of scientific investigation, by the 
most liberal provision of the means necessary for 
conducting difficult and costly researches, and by 
crowning successful labor with its justly merited 
rewards. The time may yet possibly come when 
the world will sufficiently feel its obligations to 
science, to recognize the wisdom of such a policy ; 
but this certainly will not be unless she shall succeed 
in commanding more fully than is apparently the 
case at present the confidence of that better portion 
of mankind by which she is too generally regarded 
as an insidious enemy to man's highest interests. 

Nor, on the other hand, can reHgion fail seriously 
to suffer from the antagonism presumed to exist be- 
tween her teachings and those of the investigators 
of nature. It is not possible that scientific progress 
should cease. Nor is it possible that scientific men 
can forego convictions formed upon evidence which 
human reason is incapable of resisting. If religion 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 53 

disclaims them, they will be driven to disclaim re- 
ligion ; and thus, without any choice of their own, 
the whole weight of their great authority will be 
marshalled in opposition to the truth of the Bible. 
And, observe that this is a controversy which men of 
science do not invite or provoke. They have not 
been the first to seek for evidences of discordance 
between the results of their inquiries and any real 
or supposed assertions of the scriptural narrative. 
On the other hand, when compelled to meet this 
question by the injudicious assaults of men who, with 
more zeal than wisdom, have denounced their con- 
clusions as necessarily false because contradicted by 
the Bible, many of the most eminent among them 
have labored with earnest sincerity to demonstrate 
the absurdity of the objections, and to show that 
nature and revelation, so far from being at variance, 
are entirely in harmony with one another. It is the 
mistaken friends of religion themselves who insist 
on occupying the perilous position, that, if modern 
science be true, the Bible must be false. It is they 
who deride and ridicule schemes of interpretation 
honestly suggested with a view to reconcile the lan- 
guage of sacred writ with the teachings of nature ; 
and who, with singular lack of wisdom, maintain that 
no such reconcilement is possible. They will not 
recognize the fact, that, in planting themselves upon 
this ground, they are doing more to subvert religion 
and bring the Bible into discredit among men, than 
all the speculative atheists like Spinoza, and all the 
ingeniously logical skeptics like Hume, and all the 
malignant scofiers like Voltaire, combined, have ever 
been able to accomplish. In spite of the most deter- 



54 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

mined efforts on the part of these several classes of 
enemies, the Bible still holds its place in human rev- 
erence ; but let it be once distinctly settled as the 
final and unalterable decision of the religious world, 
that that volume makes it our religious duty to dis- 
believe and reject the perfectly demonstrable truths 
disclosed to us by such a science, for example, as 
geology, and it needs no extraordinary prescience to 
perceive, that, before another generation shall have 
passed away, its authority will be utterly destroyed. 
It has astonished me that there should be so many 
good men who do not see this danger. It has aston- 
ished me still more that there should be so many who 
do see it very clearly, and yet imagine that it may 
be averted by putting a ban upon science, and en- 
deavoring to suppress its cultivation. Such efforts 
are, in the very nature of things, futile. Truth can- 
not be frowned out of existence, nor is there aiiy 
weight of human authority heavy enough to keep it 
down. On the other hand, error, in the field of physi- 
cal inquiry, needs neither persecution nor denuncia- 
tion to disarm it of its power to harm ; it has only 
to be let alone, and it will inevitably die of itself 

It is, therefore, at this moment the most desirable 
of all things, it is the great need of the times, that 
the friends of religion should be induced to lay aside 
the distrust with which they so generally regard the 
progress of modern science. And especially is it to 
be desired that they should no longer disdainfully 
repel the advances which thoughtful men of science 
have honestly made toward a reconcilement of opin- 
ions ; or assail, with the weapons of ridicule and con- 
tempt, every scheme of scriptural interpretation de- 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 55 

signed to prove that there is no necessary conflict 
between the book of nature and the book of revela- 
tion. Some reasons there are which suggest them- 
selves upon the slightest reflection, going to show, 
that, in assuming this new attitude, they need fear 
no danger to the cause which they have nearest at 
heart ; while it is obvious, that, in maintaining their 
present one, there is a danger which is both serious 
and real. AVithout attempting to exhaust the sub- 
ject, I will mention a few of these reasons. 

And in the first place, there is nothing in the ends 
which science proposes to excite alarm in the mind 
of any one who desires the largest improvement and 
the highest good of the human race. For the object 
of science is truth. Whatever the subject of investi- 
gation, it is truth, and truth only, which she seeks. 
In the pursuit of this end she puts out of view, and 
for the time disregards, the prevailing and precon- 
ceived opinions of men. She offers them no inten- 
tional disrespect. She seeks to bring them into no 
discredit. She undertakes neither to affirm nor to 
deny their soundness ; but, in so far as they are opin- 
ions or impressions, or even convictions merely, they 
belong not to the class of evidences with which she 
has to do. Experience has proved that many of the 
beliefs which have at times prevailed almost univer- 
sally, have had their foundation in ignorance or 
prejudice or superstition. Many have been received 
traditionally, and have been acquiesced in by each 
succeeding generation for no better reason than that 
they had received the assent of that which went be- 
fore. And though all the opinions of men in regard 
to natural things which have thus descended to us 



56 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

from the past may not be equally involved in error, 
there is manifestly no security for the investigator 
of nature, except in keeping his mind clear from 
every possibility of bias which might arise from such 
a source. 

But while truth is the one simple aim toward 
which the labors of Science are directed, it is not 
claimed that she alone is competent to the attain- 
ment of all truth. Her range is limited by the 
range of human observation, and by the imperfect 
power of the human understanding ; but within these 
limits her methods are sure, and her results unques- 
tionable. The great truths which relate to the being 
and attributes of God, to the origin of sentient life on 
earth, to the purposes of God toward His intelligent 
creatures, to the duties they owe to Him, and to their 
possible destiny hereafter, — these are truths which sci- 
ence can never elucidate, and which can only become 
known to us by direct revelation from the Author of 
our being. And it is to this class of truths that reve- 
lation has been confined ; while in regard to all which 
man is capable of discovering for himself, he has been 
left to secure the benefits of knowledge or to suffer 
the evils of ignorance, according as he may exercise 
the powers or improve the opportunities which he is 
here permitted to enjoy. 

And in this very abandonment of His intelligent 
creatures to their own resources, we have an evi- 
dence that the investigation of nature, the prosecu- 
tion of human science, is in accordance with God's 
will. For deep in the nature of the creature He has 
implanted the desire to know, and the capacity to 
enjoy knowledge, as well for its own sake as for any 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 57 

of its possible uses. And the truths which He has 
placed at the level of the creature's understanding, 
and permitted to be disentangled from among the 
mysteries of creation, are singularly fitted to awaken 
emotions of reverence, and turn the thoughts to 
Him who is the Author of all truth. It would seem, 
indeed, that these truths had been purposely veiled, 
covered up, and concealed under the countless diver- 
sified forms of this majestic and beautiful universe, 
to the end that reason may have an incentive to in- 
quiry, and, discovering, may wonder and adore ; yea, 
to the very end that man, by searching, may find 
out God, though he can never hope to find Him out 
to perfection. The spirit, therefore, in which science 
has its birth, is a spirit implanted by God himself; 
the subjects on which it is employed are God's own 
works ; and to suppose that the conclusions to which 
its inquiries legitimately lead can be at variance with 
God's own immediate testimony, is to throw dishonor 
upon God himself 

I will not be so unjust to any who oppose the 
progress of science on religious grounds, as to sup- 
pose that they are afraid of truth. I will not so 
disparage their understandings as to presume them 
ignorant tlmt truth is never inconsistent with itself 
And yet it seems impossible to explain the anxiety 
and alarm which they so often betray in connection 
with this subject, unless upon one or the other of 
these hypotheses. It is too late in the history of in- 
tellectual progress to take the ground that science is 
delusion. If the conclusions which it claims to have 
fully established are not to be relied on, then noth- 
ing in the whole circle of human knowledge is cer- 



58 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

tain. The fact of revelation itself is ascertained to 
us by evidence offered to the reason. To us, it is 
a fact purely historical, to be examined precisely 
as other historical facts are examined. If we are 
competent to judge of its credibility, if we are even 
justified in asserting that we know its truth, then 
certainly we may reasonably claim that we are capa- 
ble of tracing effects in the material world to their 
physical causes, more especially when, in our per- 
sonal experience, we have been familiar with the 
operation of those causes all our lives. 

But these physical causes, these powers of nature, 
as they are called, what are they ? If we suppose 
that they exist without God, that they operate by 
any inherent energy of their own, we are pantheists, 
we have no need of God at all, our only God is na- 
ture. But if, on the other hand, we suppose that 
they are only modes through which God sees fit to 
manifest His own energy, the truths to which we are 
led by their attentive study are nothing less than 
revelations. They, demand our acceptance not merely 
upon the authority of imperfect human reason, but 
as being directly vouched for by God himself The 
distinction commonly made between nature and rev- 
elation, therefore, as means through whicl we may be 
permitted to know God, is in this view imimportant, 
perhaps prejudicial to the interests of true religion. 
It is at any rate a distinction of form merely, and 
not of essence. To the prophet God speaks through 
His Spirit, to the philosopher through His works ; in 
either case the truth of the communication rests 
upon the same guaranty. 

We often hear men talking of the God of nature 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 59 

and the God of revelation, in terms which might jus- 
tify the inference that they supposed that they were 
speaking of two different beings. If in any case 
such a duahstic notion is really entertained, — though 
to entertain it must imply very imperfect concep- 
tions of what is necessary to the Divine nature, — 
the absurdity of a possible conflict between natural 
and revealed religion is not upon the surface obvi- 
ous. But even to use the language without con- 
sciously admitting the false conception, is so far to 
keep this absurdity out of view as unquestionably 
to have led many good and pious men to deprecate 
the study of nature altogether, and to desire that it 
might be completely suppressed, through fear that 
the truths it reveals should not be in harmony with 
those other truths which have been made known to 
us by the same Author, through His written Word. 

But it may be said this apprehension is not an idle 
one. It is justified by the actual history of biblical 
interpretation and physical science. If science and 
the Bible had never come into conflict, it might, says 
the objector, be very plausibly argued, or assumed, 
indeed, without argument, that they never could do 
so ; but when such a conflict is asserted to have actu- 
ally occurred, the question becomes a question not 
of probability, but of fact. Is it, then, a fact that such 
a conflict as is above supposed in any case really 
exists ? I should be very sorry to believe so. I 
do not believe so. Unfortunately'-, my belief seems 
not to be the universal belief Otherwise, indeed, I 
should have no motive for these observations ; there 
would be no breach between science and religion to 
be healed ; no estrangement between the Academy 



60 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

and the Church to be overcome ; no want of har- 
mony between the pious hearts that simply feel 
God's power and the comprehensive intellects that 
perceive and know it. And yet, if we inquire to 
what source are to be ascribed these suggestions of 
possible discordance between physical and scriptural 
truth, we shall not find that they have generally 
originated with scientific men, — not at least with 
that higher order of men who have been first to dis- 
cover the great truths which weaker minds have after- 
wards sought to employ in sapping the foundations 
of Christian faith. In so far as the scientific world 
is to be held responsible for these unhappy divisions, 
they are mainly due to a class of which it has little 
occasion to be proud, — shallow and conceited sciolists, 
whose shreds of knowledge are gathered at second- 
hand, and who pronounce their conclusions with a 
confidence so much the greater as the weight of 
their authority is less. I do not mean to say that 
there have not been some distinguished students 
of nature, even original discoverers, who have also 
been skeptics in religion ; but I believe not more 
frequently than in the case of other men of equal 
mark. I believe, indeed, that the rule is entirely 
the other way. I believe that the study of nature 
tends positively to foster the spirit of humility, of 
self-abasement, of reverence, of devotion. I believe, 
indeed, that it is the only study, except that of the 
Bible itself, that does so. With the study of lan- 
guage or of abstract mathematics it cannot in this 
respect be compared, for in regard to the senti- 
ments just spoken of, their influence is indifferent. 
But with abstract philosophy, or even with that 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 61 

theology which affects philosophy, the comparison is 
easy; for the world is full of inslructive examples. 
Philosophy, I suppose, is as far from physical science 
as it is possible to be. Philosophy and Physics are 
each other's antipodes, — the two poles of the intel- 
lectual sphere. Now it is a question worthy of the 
consideration of those who are accustomed to decry 
science for its asserted Antichristian tendencies, how 
it happens that most of the theological schools of 
Germany have been, during a great part of this 
century, if they are not still, schools of irreligion; 
while of the names which adorn or have adorned the 
annals of physical science in the present or the past, 
the most illustrious, with scarcely an exception, are 
names of single-minded, humble Christians. Have 
we not here a strikingly significant fact ? These 
two subjects, philosophy and the physical sciences, 
are the two, and we may almost say the only two, 
which stimulate the curiosity of men to know the 
causes of things, which lift men's thoughts to the 
Great First Cause of all things. The first of these, 
rising on presumptuous wings into the limitless re- 
*gion of the transcendental, boldly essays to bring 
God himself within the grasp of the finite intellect ; 
but bafiled in the vain endeavor, ends usually in blot- 
ting Him out of existence, or confounding Him with 
His works. The other, bowing before the august 
majesty which it dares not attempt to conceive, 
seeks, in a lowly and teachable spirit, to compre- 
hend some little fragments of these lower works 
themselves, and, shrinking from the arrogance 
which would demand what God is, limits itself to 
the humble and reverential inquiry, "What hath 



62 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

God wrought?" The very statement of the case 
is sufficient to show the relative tendencies of these 
studies. Philosophy may no doubt be pursued in a 
Christian spirit ; but it has had^ in point of fact, too 
often the fatal effect to undermine, subvert, and de- 
stroy in its devotees all belief in the personality of 
God, and so to obliterate every sentiment of fear or 
reverence for Him in the human heart. Physics, on 
the other hand, by constantly presenting new and 
ever -varying examples of power and forethought 
and design in the adaptation of means to ends, fos- 
ters and cherishes into ever-increasing strength the 
conviction that God is, that God reigns, that He 
works perpetually before us now, that by Him all 
things were made, and without Him was nothing 
made that was made. Now what if there has 
been here and there a physicist who disowned rev- 
elation ? How many unfortunately are there who 
are not physicists nor philosophers who have done 
the same ! This latter fact proves that men may be 
perverse without any obvious perverting influence ; 
the former that they may be so in spite of influences 
positively salutary. 

It may, then, be safely asserted that there is noth- 
ing in the nature of the object which science proposes 
to itself, — the discovery of truth, — which should 
disquiet any sincere believer in the truths of revela- 
tion. The same remark may be extended to em- 
brace the results to which the systematic pursuit of 
scientific investigation conducts. For science leads 
to the detection of law. Physical truth presents 
itself to the inquirer at first in the form of isolated, 
disconnected facts. But as facts accumulate, they 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 63 

are observed to stand in certain relations to each 
other, to arrange themselves spontaneously in cer- 
tain natural groups. These relations presently ap- 
pear to be necessary, and to depend upon a principle 
of constant causation. By carefully studying them, 
we acquire confidence to predict, in certain determi- 
nate circumstances, what consequences shall follow. 
If our prediction shall be verified under all the 
varying conditions necessary to insure precision and 
eliminate error, we conclude that we have discov- 
ered something more than facts, that we have de- 
tected a governing principle, in other words, a law. 
It was in this way that Kepler, after seventy labori- 
ous, long-continued, and unsuccessful efforts, pursued 
through a period of twenty weary years, arrived at 
length at a principle which harmonized the observed 
positions of the planet Mars. It was in this way that 
Newton, after comparing the moon's deflections with 
the observed fall of heavy bodies on the earth, was 
enabled, at a distance of some ten or twelve years 
from the commencement of the inquiry, to announce 
the great law of universal gravitation. Through all 
the domain of physical research, such has been the 
constant progress, and such, where progress has been 
sufficiently advanced, the invariable result. And al- 
though yet much, very much, of the great field of na- 
ture remains to be exjDlored, and though there may 
be many phenomena which we do not yet sufficiently 
comprehend to be able to refer them to their laws, 
every successive instance in which order has been 
observed to exist where ignorance had assumed law- 
less irregularity or blind chance to rule, adds new 
force to the presumption which has at length been 



64 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

adopted as an axiom in physics, that law is' every- 
where present. 

But law in nature is one of the most conclusive 
evidences of the presence and power of God. If God 
is felt in His creation, how can He be felt except 
in the form of law ? His truth and His immutability 
require that His acts should be consistent with them- 
selves. Contradiction and caprice are excluded by 
the very necessity of the case. So that law in na- 
ture is neither more nor less than God in nature ; 
and natural phenomena are the direct manifestations 
of divine power. Now I know that it is often said 
that this idea of the invariability and universality of 
law tends to bring into discredit those narratives of 
events in which law has been manifestly suspended. 
This is another of the grounds on which science and 
the Bible have been brought into conflict. But in 
the view just taken of law the reproach thus brought 
against science is without any substantial foundation. 
For if law is but the manifestation of God's power, 
the suspension of law is just as much so. 

There is, however, undoubtedly, a speculative theol- 
ogy which teaches a doctrine widely different from 
this ; which beholds in law an energy irresistible, 
inexorable, unalterable; which makes, that is to 
say, law itself God. This, at least, if I understand 
it, is essentially and ultimately the meaning of pan- 
theism. If such be the view which we take of the 
divine nature, miraculous occurrences are, I admit, 
quite impossible ; for the God of pantheism is with- 
out personality, without consciousness, without will. 
But it must be remembered that pantheism is born 
not of Physics, but of Metaphysics ; that it is radically 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 65 

at variance with the rehgion of the Scriptures -, and 
that, after we have consented to receive its more gen- 
eral teachings, the particular point here in question 
loses whatever importance or interest it might pre- 
viously have possessed. To the Christian, however, 
or even to the Deist who admits that God is anything 
more than an impersonal figment, the universality of 
law in nature must bring a grateful confirmation to 
his faith. 

I would observe, in the third place, that while 
science in its progress is favorable to the growth of 
sound religion, it is totally destructive of those idle 
superstitions by which religion has been so often 
marred, and which have caused her to bring only 
gloom and terror where it should be her holy mission 
to comfort and cheer. In using the term science 
here, I intend it to embrace all intelligent acquaint- 
ance with the causes of things. In its common ac- 
ceptation, the word is supposed to apply only to that 
abstruser knowledge which is comprehended with 
difficulty and confined to the few. But there is very 
much which in this sense was once science that has 
now become the common property of all the mem- 
bers of every enlightened community. It is, indeed, 
principally through this process of diffusion that 
science contributes to the benefit of mankind. A 
new truth, in its first discovery, has rarely any ob- 
vious relation to human interests. When the elastic 
force of watery vapor was first observed, we were 
very far from the steam-engine. When the attrac- 
tive power of the galvanic wire for iron was first 
noticed, we were very far from the electric telegraph. 
With the progress of discovery, scientific truths be- 



66 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

come principles of art, and scientific knowledge 
becomes popular knowledge. There are now few 
natural phenomena, even though occasional and rare, 
of which the causes are not generally known ; few, 
therefore, which excite anxiety or awaken alarm. And 
more than this, the idea of the universal prevalence 
of law has become a popular idea ; so that phenom- 
ena which are not understood are no longer attrib- 
uted to causes above nature. Where ignorance 
prevails, the case is very different. Incidents of 
which the causes are obscure or unperceived are 
ascribed to influences capable of controlling natural 
events and affecting human happiness, — - often to 
agencies supposed to be at the same time intelligent 
and malign. Particular times, again, are, for no intel- 
ligible reason, esteemed to be lucky or unlucky, par- 
ticular places fall under suspicion and are shunned, 
particular acts or utterances are supposed to exert 
a mysterious power, and occult virtues are ascribed 
to amulets and charms. Into minds capable of re- 
ceiving notions like these, it is not difficult for a 
belief in all the extravagances which have been 
imputed to sorcery, magic, and witchcraft to enter. 
And the history of even comparatively recent times 
sadly illustrates the degree to which human nature 
can become temporarily divested of all its more 
amiable traits, in the general terror produced by a 
supposed prevalence within a given community of 
these diabolical practices. 

Now it might seem that the Bible alone, to those 
who make its pages their study, should be sufficient 
to dispel such idle imaginations as these, and to re- 
deem men generally from the dominion of supersti- 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 67 

tious fears. But that this is not true is made evi- 
dent by the historical fact that every one of the 
superstitions just mentioned has prevailed in Chris- 
tian times and among Christian peoples. Many of 
them are not yet extinct, — none of them perhaps 
universally. In Europe, during the Middle Ages, 
magical practices were visited with the severest 
denunciations and penalties by the public authori- 
ties, both ecclesiastical and civil. No man could per- 
form the simplest experiment in physics without fall- 
ing under suspicion. In the thirteenth century, to 
have produced a friction match or a toy-torpedo such 
as a child cracks upon the pavement would have 
probably cost the inventor his life. It was in that 
century that Roger Bacon, a man of wonderful origi- 
nality and independence of thought, two hundred 
years in advance of his generation, was arraigned, at 
the age of sixty-four, upon a charge of magic, and 
imprisoned for ten years. His works, which contained 
nothing more dano-erous than a discussion of the 
causes which had obstructed the progress of science, 
had already been condemned many years before, and 
he had been deprived of the privilege of teaching. 
All works on physics were suppressed with like 
severity. Two French councils successively included 
the whole in one sweeping denunciation. 

But it is unnecessary to multiply specifications of 
this description. History is full of them, as late as 
the end of the seventeenth century or later ; nor 
were even those pious colonists who fled from relig- 
ious intolerance in their own country, to plant upon 
the rocky shores of New England the germs of civil 
and religious liberty, exempt from the common weak- 



68 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

ness which characterized their age and generation. 
These things may seem to us now sufficiently incom- 
patible with the spirit of Christianity and with the 
teachings of the Bible. But the truth is, the Bible can- 
not be read aright except in the light of science. It is 
not in the particular we have been considering only; ' 
that the Christianity of an unenlightened age appears 
in unfavorable contrast with that of one more ad- 
vanced : it is in the entire character and tone of the 
religion. " Christianity," says Milman, " may exist in 
a certain form in a nation of savages, as well as in a 
nation of philosophers ; yet its specific character will 
almost entirely depend upon the character of the 
people who are its votaries. It must be considered, 
therefore, in constant connection with that character j 
it will darken with the darkness and brighten with 
the light of each succeeding century ; in an uncon- 
genial time it will recede so far from its essential 
nature as scarcely to retain any sign of its divine 
original; it will advance with the advancement of 
human nature, and keep up the moral to the height 
of the intellectual culture of man." 

The emancipation of the race from the slavery 
which is born of superstitious error is here ascribed 
to the progress of intellectual enlightenment in gen- 
eral. And this is the view of the subject which is 
perhaps most commonly taken. History, however, 
furnishes abundant evidence of the inefficacy of mere 
learning to accomplish such a result. The age which, 
in England, produced a Milton, a Bacon, a Dryden, 
and a Pope, was certainly not an age deficient in lit- 
erary culture of the highest order. Yet the legisla- 
tion of that age and its judicial history are deeply 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 69 

tinged with the errors I have signahzed ; and it surely 
cannot be said of these that they received their char- 
acter from the men the least enlightened of their 
time. In this country the extravagances of the 
Salem persecution were encouraged, if not originally 
instigated, by the educated clergy, including among 
their number the president of the only seminary of 
higher learning then existing on the continent. The 
fault of the education of that time was its neglect 
of the study of the phenomena of nature. Physical 
science had indeed made some progress, but it had 
attained to no diffusion beyond the narrow circle of 
its immediate votaries. Scientific men were gener- 
ally learned, but there were very few learned men 
who were scientific, y '^.Tl,,^.^ . 

Now I presume I need not argue that superstition 
is hostile to true religion. I need not argue that the 
Christianity which, according to Milman, may exist 
among a nation of savages, and the Christianity 
which sheds its benign influence over the civiliza- 
tion of our own continent to-day, cannot be both of 
them equally the Christianity of the New Testament. 
The spirit and the power of Christianity manifest 
themselves in doing good, in pity toward the erring, 
in the imremitting endeavor to soften for all men the 
mevitable miseries of this lower life. But the spirit 
which is fanned by superstition makes of religion a 
terror rather than a blessing. It divests Christianity 
of those features of mildness and benignity by which 
it is adapted to the wants of our weak and imperfect 
nature, and converts it into a source of ^^erpetual 
anxiety and apprehension. Consider, for example, 
the asceticism which came in with the corruption of 



70 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

Christianity, and which has not even yet entirely 
disappeared, the gloomy isolation to which it led 
numbers to subject themselves, and the extraordinary 
forms of self torture to which it impelled them to 
submit, and say in what respect these things are less 
melancholy subjects of contemplation than the more 
recent suttee of India, the exposure of infants on the 
Ganges, or the self-immolation of frenzied fanatics 
beneath the wheels of Juggernaut. If the philosophic 
study of nature has contributed in any degree, as I 
believe it has greatly, to disinthrall the human im- 
agination from that slavery to error in religious 
beliefs which has so painfully in every age embit- 
tered human life, it has rendered an inappreciable 
service at the same time to the cause of enlight- 
ened Christianity. 

In what I have said, I have aimed to show that 
there exists substantial reason for assuming the truth 
of the following propositions : — 

1. Science, in its legitimate tendencies, is posi- 
tively favorable to religion. 

2. The religion which science favors is in its spirit 
such a religion of love to God and good will toward 
men as we find inculcated in the gospel. 

The truth of the first of these principles was 
clearly perceived and distinctly affirmed by the pro- 
foundest thinker of the seventeenth century; and 
nothing in the celebrated " Essay on the Advance- 
ment of Learning " better illustrates the singular 
sagacity and acute discrimination of the illustrious 
author of that admirable work, than the manner in 
which he accounts for facts which seem occasion- 
ally to conflict with his doctrine. " It is an assured 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 71 

truth and a conclusion of experience," is his lan- 
guage, "that a little or superficial knowledge of 
philosophy [natural philosophy] may incline the 
mind of man to atheism, but a farther proceeding 
therein doth bring a man back again to religion : 
for in the entrance of philosophy, when the second 
causes which are next unto the senses do ofier them- 
selves to the mind of man, if it dwell and stay there, 
it may induce some oblivion of the highest cause ; 
but, when a man passeth on farther, and seeth the 
dependence of causes and the works of Providence, 
then, according to the allegory of the poets, he will 
easily believe that the highest link must needs be 
tied to the foot of Jupiter's chair." 

But it may be replied that the foregoing reason- 
ing is too general to meet the difficulties which em- 
barrass the actual relations of physical science to 
revealed rehgion. It may be asked what we have to 
say of such startling speculations as the nebular 
hypothesis in astronomy, the teachings of geology 
in regard to the age of our planet, the asserted dis- 
coveries relating to the antiquity of man, the doc- 
trine of progressive development, and other similar 
matters, in which science is in direct conflict with 
impressions which are generally supposed to be legit- 
imately derived from Bible history. To these ques- 
tions it would be impossible in this place to reply in 
detail ; but it is easy to state the general principles 
by which the reply should be guided. 

And in the first place, the Bible is not a book of 
science. Its messages to man relate to matters of 
deeper, more permanent, and more solemn interest 
than any questions concerning the phenomena of the 



72 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

material world, or the laws which govern them, can 
possibly possess. Its language is dictated simply 
with a view to intelligibility. It was adapted to the 
understandings of the generations to which it was 
addressed. If it refers to objects or phenomena in 
the natural world, it speaks of them as they seem, 
and as they are spoken of even now in the language 
of common life, without referring them to their 
remoter causes. 

To have given professedly a philosophic exposition 
of the principles of natural things would have been 
inconsistent with the objects for which the Bible it- 
self was given. Such an exposition must either 
have presented truth as it will be when (should that 
ever happen) the process of discovery is exhausted, 
— truth, therefore, which would in many points con- 
flict with our present convictions, and which must 
always have been in conflict with the convictions of 
the ages which have gone before us ; or it must have 
embodied the imperfect, and, in most things, errone- 
ous philosophy of its own day, and so have been 
brought into permanent discredit by the earliest 
steps of advancement. On either supposition, it 
would have been out of harmony with the actual 
state of scientific opinion at any given period, and 
would have lost, or have failed from the beginning 
to secure, the confidence of men in its divine origin. 
In the fact, therefore, that the science of nature is, 
to beings of limited powers, like the human race, a 
science of necessary progress, in which truths which 
seem to be most assuredly established are ever liable 
to be superseded by profounder truths, we find a sat- 
isfactory reason why we might expect it to be ex- 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 73 

eluded from a revelation relating only to the inter- 
ests of man's higher nature. 

In the second place, without undertaking to deny 
that the conclusions gathered from the study of the 
book of nature may sometimes seem at variance with 
impressions derived from the pages of the Bible, 
it must be remembered that these impressions are 
themselves hable to be determined by the precon- 
ceived notions of the reader, and that they are not 
of necessity the only interpretations which the lan- 
guage will bear. On the occurrence of any such 
apparent disagreement, the proper and reasonable 
course is to use discovery as an aid to interpreta- 
tion ; and not to insist, as is so often and so unwisely 
done, that the discordance is irreconcilable. 

Another observation may here be fitly made. Of 
the more recent theories which, in their discussion, 
have excited among the friends of religion the great- 
est uneasiness, it can hardly be said of one that it is 
an accepted theory of science. The speculators who 
show the least respect for the religious convictions 
of men are often quite as regardless of the ordinary 
principles of common sense. Take, for example, the 
doctrine of progressive development. It is only the 
ingenuity displayed by its advocates which has se- 
cured for it more than a momentary attention. The 
strength of the scientific world has always been en- 
listed against it. Though repeatedly revived, it has 
been just as often trodden out of life. And so it 
must be with all mere hypothesis. Nothing can 
claim a permanent place in science which fails to 
attain the certainty of truth. And nothing which 
is true can be dangerous. 

10 



74 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

Now there are two things needed, in order that 
the scientific and the rehgious world may be led to 
lay aside their mutual distrust, and induced to work 
harmoniously together in the cause of truth, which 
is the common cause of both. The first is that re- 
ligious men should be willing to study science for 
themselves, and should refrain from pronouncing 
upon its tendencies until they first understand it. 
For, by thoroughly acquainting themselves with its 
conclusions and the evidences by which they are 
supported, they may discover that these are not so 
irreconcilable as they had supposed with the rightly 
interpreted language of the Bible. They will learn 
that there is much which is demonstrably and un- 
deniably true, and will perceive the great danger 
of assuming that this is or can be in possible con- 
flict with anything contained in God's written Word. 
They will learn, in short, the indispensable necessity 
of reading Scripture by the light of science, and not 
attempting to control the conclusions of science by 
an exegesis which has all the possibilities of error 
which spring from human imperfection. 

On the other hand, if unconvinced by the evi- 
dences presented, they will, in any controversy on 
the subject in which they may engage, be placed, 
by understanding them, in a position of powerful ad- 
vantage. Hitherto it has unfortunately happened, 
in numerous instances, that those who have felt 
themselves called upon to defend religion against 
what they assumed to be the dangerous tendencies 
of science, have evinced in their arguments so little 
acquaintance with the subjects they undertook to dis- 
cuss as to injure rather than benefit the cause they 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 75 

have had at heart. They have committed the fatal 
error of attempting, with incredible labor, to disprove 
facts rather than to invalidate inferences ; thus fail- 
ing to perceive where their strength might really 
tell, and where it must be worse than wasted. In 
this failure, they have failed at the same time to 
command the respect of their opponents ; and have 
naturally contributed to encourage the opinion that 
the cause they advocate is equally undeserving of 
respect. There is, therefore, no more urgent need, 
at the present time, than that pious men and ear- 
nest Christians should be also cultivators of scientific 
study. By becoming such they may, if they please, 
purify science from the reproach of irreligion which 
they bring against it. If there be a semblance of 
justice in the reproach, to what can it be owing but 
to the fact that the field has been voluntarily aban- 
doned by the religious. The wonder, indeed, is, that 
in some departments of science there is any religion 
left. Who would not suppose, that, after geology 
had been put under the ban of the modern church 
almost as unqualifiedly as astronomy was by the 
ancient, a devout Christian geologist would be an 
unknown phenomenon. And yet we shall hardly 
find anywhere more beautiful examples of personal 
piety than have been presented by such geologists 
as Hugh Miller, Adam Sedgwick, Edward Hitchcock, 
and Benjamin Silliman. I could largely extend this 
list, but it is unnecessary. It is men like these who 
are qualified to pronounce upon the tendencies of 
the sciences which they cultivate. And if they find 
in them nothing to disturb their Christian faith, how 
can we doubt that other men equally pious, though 



76 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

without their special knowledge, whom the course of 
science seems to fill with so continual anxiety, would 
attain a similar tranquillity, if they would consent to 
be better informed. In short, the true position, the 
strong position, the only impregnable position against 
the assaults of skeptical physicists is in the field oc- 
cupied by the assailants themselves. 

There is, on the other hand, perhaps, a spirit to 
some extent prevalent among scientific men which 
ought to be corrected. If they have sometimes been 
held up^to undeserved opprobrium, they have repaid 
the injury with too manifest contempt ; and if their 
best-established conclusions have not been respected, 
they have possibly maintained too positive a tone in 
regard to those whose claims to resjDCct were more 
questionable. While the object of science is truth, 
there is much in the scientific teaching of any given 
period of which the proof is only a high degree of 
probability. Every such portion of doctrine holds its 
place only provisionally, and is liable to be displaced 
or subverted by a truth more assured. Now, just in 
proportion to the obstinacy with which the highest 
evidence is resisted, a disposition seems to manifest 
itself to insist unwarrantably on positions sustained 
by feebler evidence. And the controversialist who 
assumes to speak in the name of science displays a 
spirit of self-satisfied superiority, and indulges a tone 
of confident assertion, which confirm opposition in- 
stead of conciliating favor. 

If, then, reHgious men, on the one side, should 
acquaint themselves better with science, scientific 
men who are not professedly religious, on the other, 
should cultivate a more modest tone in presenting 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 77 

views which are still open to doubt. Let neither 
party bring against the other railing accusations; 
but let each use toward the other the language of 
Christian charity, and act in the spirit of Christian 
forbearance. Both are in the pursuit of the same 
avowed object; let them harmoniously pursue it 
together. 

Something like this must take place, and must 
take place soon, or most deplorable consequences 
are in store for the world. The progress of science 
cannot be arrested. It has an inherent vitality 
which acquires new vigor with each succeeding 
year. It is, moreover, day by day and hour by 
hour, securing a stronger hold upon men's consid- 
eration and regard, by intertwining itself more and 
more with all their earthly interests. Estranged 
from rehgion it may exert a fatal power in drag- 
ging men after it. It may become in fact the bale- 
ful influence which it is now only suspected of being 
capable of becoming. 

Let science and religion be harmonized, let their 
devotees unite lovingly their efforts in one common 
search after truth, and nobler triumphs than have 
ever yet been realized may crown their alliance. 
Their labors will be fruitful, for God's blessing will 
be upon them. Year by year, in constantly increas- 
ing profusion, the hand of science shall scatter bene- 
fits over every land. But infinitely more valuable 
than all she has ever done or can do to promote the 
comfort of mankind, will be the lesson she will bring, 
"Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His right- 
eousness, and all these things shall be added unto 
you." 



78 INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 

Keverting now, in conclusion, to the idea which 
originally suggested the train of thought to which 
your attention has been invited, and holding still the 
views which it has been my duty and my privilege to 
express elsewhere on the nature, limits, and office of 
the American college, and on the necessity of greatly 
enlarging the subjects and increasing the thorough- 
ness of liberal education in this country, I enter upon 
the duties of my present position with the greater 
satisfaction at a time when a new school or departr 
ment of scientific instruction is about to be inaugu- 
rated, because, if this school should be successful in 
helping to meet a great national necessity and in se- 
curing the confidence of religious and liberal-minded 
men, it will prepare the way for other special schools, 
in which Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemis- 
try, Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Philology, 
History, Political Science, National and International 
Law, Esthetics, and the Principles and Art of Edu- 
cation will receive that exhaustive treatment which 
their practical importance in a system of national 
education demands. Then will Columbia College, 
with its associated special and professional schools, 
become a repository of universal truth, a dispenser 
of universal knowledge, and a contributor to the dis- 
covery of new laws of nature, and new and more 
beneficent applications of those laws to the advance- 
ment of human society. Then shall we more nearly 
realize the beautiful ideal sketched out by Milton, of 
"a complete and generous education," "by which 
to repair the ruins of our first parents, by regaining 
to know God aright, and out of that knowledge to 
love Him, to imitate Him, to be like Him as we may 



INAUGURAL DISCOURSE. 79 

the nearest, by possessing our souls of true virtue, 
which being united to the heavenly grace of faith, 
makes up the highest perfection." Then will the 
ingenuous youth of the land resort here, "inflamed 
with a love of learning and the admiration of virtue, 
stirred up with high hopes of living to be brave men 
and worthy patriots, dear to God and famous to all 
ages," zealously aiming thoroughly to equip them- 
selves "to perform justly, skilfully, and magnani- 
mously all the offices, both private and public, of 
peace and war." 



APPENDIX. 



THE RECEPTION. 



11 



THE RECEPTION. 



The Reception at the President's House, at the close 
of the Inaugural Services, was one of no ordinary interest. 
Many old friendships among the Sons of the College were 
renewed and quickened. Friends of religion and learning, 
men distinguished for their labors in literature, science, and 
art, and for their services as educators of youth, were heartily 
welcomed, exchanged friendly greetings, and animated each 
other to renewed efforts in the great work of Christian edu- 
cation, and the diffusion of true knowledge in our country 
and throughout the world. 

Several impromptu addresses were made by distinguished 
gentlemen present, upon the call of Governor Fish, who pre- 
sided. 

The Rev. Dr. Cummings, President of the Wesleyan Uni- 
versity, Middletown, Conn., spoke as follows : — 

Mr. President and Gentlemen, — The call to respond, as a 
representative of other colleges, to the sentiment just given, comes 
to me unexpected, and would more appropriately be -obeyed by one 
of greater experience and the head of an older college. The inter- 
est of kindred institutions, in this important and joyful occasion, is 
sufficiently indicated by the many congratulations offered, and the 
kind wishes expressed, for the success of the newly-inaugurated 
President of this venerable institution of learning. 

It is one of the pleasing circumstances connected with such a day 
as this, that the best understanding and kindest feelings exist be- 
tween all colleges. They were all founded with the same design, 
and they strive for the same object ; yet in a noble competition in 
the use of their resources to elevate the race, they are moved by 



84 APPENDIX. 

no envy or illiberal rivalry. As the generous scholar rejoices that 
the thoughts he originates, once uttered, becomes the property of 
the world, so do the friends of each institution of learning rejoice in 
the general use of any means that may more efficiently promote 
the cause of sound learning and true piety. The prosperity of any 
one college is, in an important sense, a benefit to all. It stimulates 
their supporters to gain a higher standard of education, and furnish 
greater facilities for instruction. It is therefore a circumstance 
of interest and of gratifying significance that, mingled with the 
array of scholars and distinguished men specially and personally 
interested in this honored institution, are so many of the ofiicers and 
friends of Qther colleges. All rejoice when they consider how great 
are the resources of wealth and intellect here consecrated to the 
cause of education, and are confident that, under the wise and able 
administration to which the affairs of the College are committed, 
they will be used to secure the advancement of learning, honor to 
our country, and the elevation of the race. 

The ancient fame and power of Columbia College ax'e too well 
known to need commendation. Her influence, in the early history 
of our country, in elevating the standard of education, has well been 
described as beneficial and wonderful. Her record is found in the 
history of our country. Within her halls have been trained scholars 
and statesmen distinguished for their erudition, their devotion to the 
cause of justice, liberty, and human rights, and illustrious in the 
annals of the good and the great. She has contributed her part in 
securing to our land the high state of civilization and civil and re- 
ligious liberty it now enjoys. 

Our colleges, as a part of our extended system of education, are 
the glory of our country, and from their veiy nature are identified 
with republican institutions. They teach practically the true doc- 
trine of equality. In the distribution of their privileges and honoi'S, 
wealth and family name are nothing, but merit alone gains pre- 
eminence. Columbia College, distinguished in the past for her 
loyalty and devotion to the true interests of the country, gives a 
new proof of her unchanged spirit in the selection of a president 
who has known sacrifice for patriotism, who, because he loved his 
country more than personal interests, left the scene of his labors 
and his unfinished plans, and removed to a distant State, where he 
could speak and act as a true man and a patriot. 



THE RECEPTION. 85 

Called to succeed noble and honored men in the high office of 
President of this ancient and honored Institution, the congratula- 
tions and sympathies of all friends of learning are with him, and 
their earnest prayer is, that ever-increasing prosperity may attend 
his administration. 

President Cummings was followed by the Rev. Dr. Ker- 
foot, President of Trinity College, Hartford. 

The response already made, Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, by the 
Rev. President of the Wesleyan University to the courteous notice 
of the " Heads of other Colleges present," had, I thought, fulfilled 
our pleasant part in the congratulations to Columbia College, and in 
the welcome to your new President. But as I am called upon by 
name to add my word of salutation, I cannot for a moment hesitate 
to do so. Using the familiarity the occasion is prompting, I may 
be permitted to say, that though now my personal acquaintances 
here are no longer numerous, yet I am no stranger in this city and 
its vicinity. My youth and college days were passed not far from 
this ; here I formed the closest ties of my life, and some of its dear- 
est friendships ; and here I laid up the treasure of early confidences 
and memories. Then, too, I am not an alien in the walls of old 
Columbia ; for she made me one of her own Society, when, some 
years ago, she conferred on me the honor of the Doctorate in Divin- 
ity. Would that I could have merited it as much as I prized such 
an honor from such a source ! So I feel at home here to-day, and 
my words of congratulation now may easily be very hearty ones. 

And since this part and occasion in our pleasant day seem, by 
general consent, readily, and properly, too, to provoke and justify 
some egotism, I can best and most naturally utter my welcome to 
President Barnard, by saying, that his response, Mr. Chairman, to 
your official recognition of him in his new office, awakened in me a 
sympathy and an appreciation of his feelings that probably no other 
man present could have felt. There were some strange coincidences 
in our experiences. Not only had our work been the same in two 
different southern States, — the building up, by much toil and care, 
of a college of liberal Christian learning ; not only had we wrought 
for years with hearty purpose among cordial and valued friends in 
those States, and had reared our edifices in substance and in reason- 
able hopes to a goodly height, but the very years of effort he num- 



86 APPENDIX. 

bered were the same with my own, and the sad cause of his inter- 
ruption, three years ago, reached the same disappointing result with 
me, in the suspension of St. James's College this summer. Twenty 
years of full, and, for the time, successful, collegiate life and work, 
ending in the suspension, perhaps overthrow of such hopes as grew 
up in earnest hearts from so many years of loving work ; the sever- 
ance from dear old ties and noble-hearted friends, — and no latitude 
can furnish these more richly than the States in which Dr. Barnard 
and I have been working ; a transfer in mature life to resume, 
among new scenes and associates, the work long ago began else- 
where in early manhood ; to meet new friends and hopes, while the 
old ones are not, cannot be, forgotten, — I can well sympathize with 
your new President. 

So can I in his earnest words about our dear old flag. It is 
pleasant to see it wave over us, fearless of insult or rivalry. We 
know what such a sight of that flag, safe from peril, means. Not 
that I have ever seen all in this way that Dr. Barnard saw. Mary- 
land was always at heart fully loyal to the national cause, and she 
is coming out all right and true. God speed the time when that 
flag shall wave triumphantly and peacefully over our whole coun- 
try ! When the institutions of religion and learning, which the war 
has paralyzed, shall rise up again in new and enduring life and vigor, 
and when every American shall be loyal and obedient to the na- 
tional authority, and to that God who has established that authority 
as His ordinance over us all in this land.* 

From many letters which had been received by the Chair- 
man of the Committee of Arrangements from Presidents of 
Colleges, and extracts from which were read, the following 
have been selected for insertion in this Narrative, with the 
omission of the introductions and conclusions. 

From President Woolsej, of Yale College : — 

" It will give me pleasure to be at President Barnard's inaugura- 
tion next Monday, if I find it in my power. Whether it will be in 
my power depends in part on the time of the day at which it takes 

* Chancellor Ferris, of the University of the City of New York, and 
President Webster, of the Free Academy, N. Y., were also present. 



THE RECEPTION. 87 

place. I can be in New York from about 1 o'clock until near 8 
p. M., but my duties here will prevent me from being away from 
College at any other time." 

From President Hill, of Harvard College : — 
" I am very sorry that it is not in my power to be present at the 
approaching inauguration of Dr. Barnard. Many personal reasons 
make me desirous of being present, and assuring Columbia College 
of the friendly relations in which Harvard desires to stand toward 
her, but previous engagements render it impracticable." 

From Vice-President Hickok, of Union College : — 

" The communication from the Committee of the Board of Trus- 
tees of Columbia College, dated the 15th inst., conveying the friendly 
greeting to this sister College, and an invitation that I attend at the 
inauguration of their President on the 3d day of October next, has 
been duly received, and I would return a grateful acknowledgment 
of the kindness and courtesy therein manifested. 

" It would be a pleasure to be able to comply with the invitation, 
and I truly regret to be obliged to say that engagements here will 
necessarily prevent my attendance. In behalf of this College I 
cordially reciprocate the respect and good will from Columbia, and 
sincerely pray that the coming occasion may be highly auspicious, 
and the presidential inauguration eventuate in her increased pros- 
perity and the enlargement of the cause of literature and science." 

From President Fisher, of Hamilton College : — 

" Pex'mit me, through you, to thank the Committee of Arrange- 
ments for the honor of an invitation to the inauguration of Rev. Dr. 
Barnard, as President of Columbia College. The occasion, I doubt 
not, will be one of deep interest to all interested in the higher educa- 
tional institutions of the State. I regret that official engagements 
compel me to forego the pleasure of being present with you. Co- 
lumbia College, under the wise presidency of so accomplished a 
scholar and educator, will not only maintain her ancient renown, 
but advance, with our advancing country, in the work of affording 
facilities for an enlarged education, until the universities of this 
New World shall surpass those of the Old, as much as our lakes 
and rivers and cataracts surpass theirs." 



88 APPENDIX. 

From President Hopkins, of Williams College : — 

" I should be much gratified to accept the invitation by which I 
am honored, to attend the coming inauguration of the President- 
elect of Columbia College, if it were in my power. Unfortunately 
it comes at the same time with the meeting of the American Board 
of Missions, which I am required to attend. I trust the occasion 
may be a happy one, and wish great success to the new President." 

From President M'Lean, of the College of New Jersey, 
Princeton : — 

" It would give me very great pleasure to accept the invitation of 
your Committee of Arrangements, to be present at the inauguration 
of the Rev. Dr. Barnard as President of Columbia College ; and, un- 
til to-day, I hoped it would be in my power to do so. But I find 
that my engagements at home, on the 3d instant, will deprive me of 
the pleasure of being with you on that interesting occasion. With 
the best wishes for the continued prosperity and usefulness of your 
venerable and distinguished institution." 

From President Smith, of Dartmouth College : — 

" Your communication of the 15th inst., inviting me to be present 
at the inauguration of the Rev. Dr. Barnard, as President of Co- 
lumbia College, has just reached me. I hasten to reciprocate, on 
behalf of Dartmouth College, the greetings of her elder sister, and 
to congratulate you on the auspicious occasion to which you are 
looking forward. It is gratifying to all the friends of learning, that 
the vacancy caused by the resignation of your late distinguished 
President, is to be so soon and so worthily filled. 

" I am sorry to say, however, that I shall be unable to comply with 
your courteous invitation. Public engagements of an imperative 
character will forbid. I the more regret this, as my long residence in 
the city of New York gave me special opportunity to see what ser- 
vice Columbia College has rendered to the cause of science and let- 
ters, and to appreciate, I may add, the elevating general influence 
of such an institution in the midst of a great commercial metrop- 
olis. May the divine blessing be largely vouchsafed to the Pres- 
ident-elect, and to the venerable College over which he is to 
preside." 



\ 



THE RECEPTION. 89 

From the Rt. Rev. Bishop Odenheimer, President of Bur- 
lington College, N. J. : — 

I have to thank you, and through you the Committee of Arrange- 
ments, for the honor of an invitation to be present at the inaugura- 
tion of the distinguished gentleman who has been chosen as the 
tenth President of Columbia College. 

I sincerely regret that official duty, in my diocese, will deprive 
me of the pleasure of being present on an occasion as auspicious 
for the interests of'academical culture in general, as it is in its bear- 
ing on the prosperity of your venerable and illustrious institution. 

From President Bourns, of Norwich University, Ver- 
mont : — 

I have had the honor to receive a letter from the Committee of 
Arrangements of Columbia College, an invitation to attend at the 
inauguration of Dr. Barnard, as President, on Monday next. I 
regret extremely that my double duties here, in which I am now, 
in our term time, engaged, will prevent my being present with you 
on that occasion. 

It would give me very great pleasure to have opportunity of 
paying my humble tribute of respect to your noble old institution, 
and also personally to your new Pi-esideht, and to assure him of ray 
warm sympathy and sincere desire for his success in the arduous 
and important position to which he has been called ; all minor in- 
stitutions of learning, indeed the whole educated community, and 
those interested in education, must, I feel, be affected for good or ill 
by the condition of an institution so prominent and influential as 
Columbia. 

From President Loomis, of Allegheny College, Penn. : — 

In the name of Allegheny College I would reciprocate the kindly 
greetings of Columbia College, and hereby express my regrets that 
prior engagements will prevent my presence at the inauguration of 
Dr. Barnard. 

I would congratulate Dr. Barnard on being called to the Pres- 
idency of one of the oldest and best of the sisterhood of colleges, 
and would congratulate the College on having as its Pi-esident 
Dr. Barnard. 

12 



90 APPENDIX. 

From President Anderson, of Rochester University : — 

The note inviting me to attend the inauguration of President 
Barnard, was, through no fault of yours, kept from my hand until ' 
too late to enable me to accept it by letter or to attend in person. 
I regret this very much, as it would have given me great pleasure 
to have joined with you in the ceremonies connected with giving a 
new head to the venerable institution which you represent. Please 
accept ray thanks for your politeness in sending me this invitation, 
and the assurance of my most earnest wishes for the highest success 
of an administration of your College begun under such favorable 
auspices, and by a gentleman of such high ability as Dr. Barnard. 

From President De Koven, of Racine College, Wis. : — 

The polite invitation of the Committee of the Trustees of Co- 
lumbia College I have duly received. I regret very much that the 
approaching examinations and Commencement here will deprive 
me of the pleasure of being present on the occasion. 

Permit me to offer my congratulations, and those of the College 
over which I preside, to my own Alma Mater on this the inaugura- 
tion of her tenth President. 

Letters were received, also, from the following Presidents, 
expressing their regrets at their inability to accept the invi- 
tation of the Committee : Johnson, of Dickenson College ; 
Woods, of Bowdoin College ; Jackson, of Hobart College ; 
Goodwin, of the University of Pennsylvania ; Gerhart, of 
Franklin and Marshall College ; and Torrej, of the Univer- 
sity of Vermont. 

James W. Gerard, Esq., LL. D., an Alumnus of the Col- 
lege of the Class of 1811, responded to a call from the Chair, 
in part as follows : — 

I am very happy on this bright day, on this intellectual and fes- 
tive occasion, to meet in the halls of our Alma Mater so many of 
the early friends of my youth, whom time and circumstances have 
separated, but who, now in the full day of our manhood, meet to re- 
ciprocate, not the mere compliments of the occasion, but to express 



THE RECEPTION. 91 

our heartfelt congratulations at meeting each other at this interesting 
ceremonial. 

Many years have rolled by since I acquired, at the feet of the 
learned Gamaliels who then dispensed their stores of learning in 
the class-rooms of this College, those elements of instruction and 
lessons of wisdom which form the character and prepare the student 
to go out in the world and fight, with hope of victory, the great 
battle of life, but which, however, the sad experience of the grad- 
uate shows, has its defeats as well as victories. When we take 
our first degree and start upon the race of life, how few arrive at 
the goal foremost in the strife ! Many stumble on the course and 
fall by the wayside ; others strive beyond their strength to go ahead, 
but soon, panting for breath, give out ere the course is half run. 
Some favored few gain the prizes in life, but many are distanced. 
When I look back upon my contemporaries, and seek for them now, 
how few shining lights are to be seen among them ! The greater 
part have gone to an early grave ; blighted hopes, disappointed 
ambition, and the world's neglect, have broken the spirit of many a 
bright youth whose budding genius gave rich promise of success ; 
while, on the other hand, the prize has been gained by many a one 
who gave no early promise in the race, but who, by steady gait, nas 
kept on the even tenor of his way. Truly the race is not to the 
swift, nor the battle to the strong. 

But I came not here to preach, for I am surrounded by a galaxy 
of reverend divines whose high prerogative and duty it is to point 
the moral from the past, and to enforce those lessons of wisdom on 
human life which experience and observation suggest. 

Around this festive board, that groans with the good things of the 
season, I delight to hear the ring of merry laughter from learned 
scholars, professors, and divines, from the man who is in the middle 
of life, and the young Alumnus who is beginning it ; for there is a 
time to play as well as preach. I like to see the clergy, who wit- 
ness enough of the ills and sorrows of life, cast away, for a brief 
season, the sober hue of thought from their solemn countenances, 
relax in festivity from the gravity of their profession, and mingle in 
the little social pleasantries which give to life its occasional zest ; 
and I congratulate them that — this being Monday, and not Satur- 
day — they may enjoy this holiday, and, in one sense, have no care 
for the morrow. 



92 " APPENDIX. 

But, Gentlemen Trustees, I think, in the exercises of the day, 
there has been an hiatus in the ceremonies, which I beg leave, in 
some small degree, to fill up. While we have been paying our 
adoration to the rising, we have lost sight of the setting sun. No, 
gentlemen, I take that back. The sun of the late President Charles 
King is now at its meridian ; bright and unclouded, and far distant be 
the day when his sun shall set. If I had the power of Joshua, I should 
even stop the wheel of Time and arrest the sun in his course, pro- 
vided thereby I did not come in collision with Science. The late 
President is now as bright and buoyant in spirit, as full of energy, 
intellectual vigoi', and young blood, as he was when first he took 
upon himself the burdens and the duties of the presidency of this 
flourishing institution. With sagacity and foi-ethought his far-see- 
ing eye saw that mammon was encroaching upon the sacred shades 
of the old consecrated college-grounds, and that the royal elms, 
which for so many decades had cast their shade upon the successive 
classes of students, — who, like the waves of the sea, chased each 
other before them, — would soon be cut down to make way for the 
marble palaces of trade which were to supplant them, and that the 
" woodman " could no longer " spare the tree." He looked around 
for a new home for his respected Alma Mater and her numerous 
children, and with the anticipation of working miracles in his new 
location, he pitched upon this secluded spot, where, from its halls 
that never were vocal before with the human voice, he determined to 
make the deaf to hear and the dumb to speak ; and he has wrought, 
doubtless, many miracles on the young gentlemen committed to 
his charge. They, indeed, must miss him ; for while he had the 
faculty of commanding their respect and obedience during the juris- 
dictional hours of study, lie knew full well that boys were boys, and 
he remembered that he had been a boy himself, — I might almost 
say was now, — and sympathized with their pleasures. In any new 
duty to which he may be called, he carries with him the esteem of 
professors, alumni, and students, and of all who know him ; and 
may his way through life be long and straight, and strewn with flow- 
ers, and may there be no thorns among the roses that still lie in his 
path. 

I deem it fitting, Gentlemen Trustees, that I should embrace this 
opportunity to return my acknowledgments to my Alma Mater, 
for the unexpected honor she has lately conferred on me, by 



THE RECEPTION. 93 

granting me the degree of Legum Doctor, commonly called LL. D. 
Whether I am learned hi the law, it is not for me to say. That I 
have take7i in a good deal of law in my time, and let a good deal 
out, all know who know me ; and the greater I deem the compli- 
ment conferred on me by this College, for it, of all existing institu- 
tions, found out my modest merits, when the world was generally 
quite blind to them. I was on the banks of the Seine during the 
summer of the past yeai', enjoying the pleasures and excitements of 
the great French capital, moderately, when a letter missive from 
my esteemed friend, the late President, announced to me the honor 
that had been conferred on me, at which my better half was much 
delighted, believing that I had letters-patent for " being skilled in 
all the learning of the Egyptians." 

But on my return to my country no one called or addressed me 
as Doctor, (although my good old friend. Dr. Francis, did, before I 
had the honor,) and, in reality, I had forgotten my degree and its 
dignity, when, about three months since, I received a letter through 
the mail, from Long Island, in a fair female hand, adding, after my 
name, the mystic letters LL. D. I wondered by what miracle the 
fame of my new degree had reached that distant region. On open- 
ing it I found an invitation from a young lady, requesting me to be 
present on an exhibition of a public school for girls, in the back part 
of Brooklyn. Of course the LL. D. could not refuse the invitation, 
and I was present at a very charming exhibition of their educational 
exercises by some five hundred intelligent girls ; and that is the 
only time that I have ever been recognized in the community as a 
leai-ned Doctor. 

Allow me, gentlemen, to digress a little from the particular ob- 
ject with which I arose to address you, and to ask of you a kind 
word, which this incident suggests, for the prosperity of that great 
institution, the Public Schools of our city, — connected as they are 
with education, and the preparation of many young men for enter- 
ing this and other neighboring colleges. It may be that many gen- 
tlemen present are not familiar with the great extent and practical 
influence of the system, and it may be that many of you have never 
darkened the door of a public school. To such, a few words from 
me, explaining the gi'eat objects and results of the system, may not 
be inappropriate or uninteresting. 

By the magnificent provision of the laws of the State for the 



94 APPENDIX. 

erection and support of the public schools of this city, there is an- 
nually raised, by tax on the citizens, about a million and a half of 
dollars, with which lots are purchased, extensive, commodious, and 
comfortable buildings are erected, which are an ornament to the 
streets in which they ai'e built, whose portals are daily opened to 
the children of both sexes, of all nationalities, and of every station 
in life, without charge, without stint, without any form of admission ; 
whether native or foreign born, whether Jew or Gentile, Catholic 
or Protestant ; whether they come from the banks of the Rhine or 
the Liffy, the Danube or the Po ; whether they are rich or whether 
they are poor ; whether they are clothed in purple and fine linen 
or in rags, admission is free to all, and all are received with kind- 
ness. Thousands and tens of thousands of such children may be 
daily seen wending their way through every street in the city to 
their ward school, with their books under their arms, with quick, 
elastic step and smiling face, as if they had well prepared the studies 
of the day, and as if the school-house was to them — and which it is 
really made by the beautiful system of gentle discipline which gov- 
erns — a happy home. As the clock strikes nine, in more than a 
hundred of these stately buildings, from the Battery to Kingsbridge, 
from the East to the North River, nearly one hundred thousand 
children, such as I have described, with attentive and respectful 
reverence, listen to a portion of the Scriptures read to them by their 
principals, then clasp their hands in open prayer, (and many never 
prayed before,) and a hundred thousand voices are afterwards raised 
in a hymn of praise to the God of all nations, all kindred, and all 
tongues, — a beautiful preparation for the work of the day, not only 
to the children, but to their teachers and school officers and friends 
who are present. 

In these schools, under the instruction of able teachers, (four 
fifths of whom are young ladies of the most approved education, 
morals, and manners,) these masses of thousands and tens of thou- 
sands receive the elements of a thorough English education, which 
is useful to them for any position in life to which they may be called. 
But it is not only the intellect that is cultivated ; the heart and the 
morale are not neglected. A quiet and gentle discipline governs 
these masses, or, rather, by self-discipline the children govern them- 
selves. Every girl and boy know their duties, and what is expected 
from them. These duties are not enforced by a stringent or noisy 



THE RECEPTION. 95 

discipline, but the commands of their teachers are communicated by 
a gentle look, or the striking of a little bell, or the touching of a note 
on the piano. Military evolutions for the boys, and calisthenics for 
the girls, accompanied by the lively music of the piano, give ease 
and character to their movements, and the chorus of the merry song 
which rings through the building, would cause a stranger to suppose 
that it was a place of amusement, rather than an educational estab- 
lishment. But let him go into the class-room and see the energy and 
rivalry with which they recite their lessons, the quickness and intel- 
ligence with which they answer questions in arithmetic, geography, 
history, astronomy, «fec., and the admirable order of the class, and 
he will imagine tha the teacher has some magic spell by which 
so many discordant elements are reduced to harmony. Especially 
will a visitor be struck with the material of which the schools are 
composed on the river margins of our city. He will there see 
masses of children of the laboring classes, of the poorer operatives, 
of all nations, — brands snatched from the burning, — many of whom 
come from miserable homes to the happy influences of their young 
teachers. 

For fourteen years I have been intimately connected with the 
public schools of the city, for the first ten having been a school offi- 
cer of the 18th "Ward ; but, about four years ago, the politicians of 
that ward thought proper to take the election of school officers into 
their hands, and as I was not a politician myself, they elected their 
political friends. But I did not discontinue my interest in and 
visits to the schools of my ward, and those of the city at large, to 
which I am daily invited ; so that I may say, that for fourteen years 
hardly a day has passed, for the greater part of the year, that I have 
not seen five hundred or a thousand of the young people of this city, 
and in brief addresses and examinations have endeavored to improve 
their intellectual and moral condition. 

The public schools have also their college ; and seven to eight 
hundred young men, selected from the different grammar-schools, 
are admitted to the Free Academy, (the people's college,) where the 
lustre of many a rough diamond is brought out by the skill of its 
learned professors. 

I can assure those gentlemen who have never visited any of our 
public schools, that they will be amply repaid for any trouble or 
time it may cost them in so doing, and that they will find there 



96 APPENDIX. 

much subject for hopeful contemplation in the rising generation 
of our great city; and they will not think the heavy sum annu- 
ally expended for their support a misappropriation of the people's 
money. 

The Rev. Dr. Hicks, of the class of 1823, responded to a 
call from the Chair as follows : — 

I thank the Chairman for the honor he has done me. I have 
always cherished a deep interest in old Columbia, and have come 
three hundred miles, with no little personal inconvenience and ex- 
pense, to attend these services. But, sir, the occasion awakens 
painful as well as pleasurable emotions. I find myself a stranger 
here. My collegiate life was spent within other walls, which no 
longer exist except in memory. How many hallowed associations 
cluster around that dear old building in Park Place ! I well remem- 
ber the sadness that came over me, and the tear that I could not 
restrain, when, on a visit to this city from my distant home, I passed 
its ruins, and saw the workmen removing the last stones of its foun- 
dation. Among the recollections of departed associates and friends, 
none is more vivid than that of our venerable President, the Rev. 
Dr. Harris, whose memory we all delight to honor. If I have had 
any success in my profession, I hold myself indebted for it chiefly 
to the training which I received in Columbia College ; and to no one 
of its able faculty do I owe a greater debt of gratitude than to my 
faithful friend, the reverend Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Let- 
tres, whom I am most happy to see present with us to-day. I give 
the health of the Rev. Professor McVickar. May many years be yet 
added to his long and honored life. 

Professor McVickar responded as follows : — 

Thus called on, Mr. Chairman, by one of my now silver-haired 
" boys," and on such a festive occasion, I cannot choose but answer, 
as best I may. In truth, such obedience to a college call has be- 
come part of my very nature. It began in boyhood, sixty-four 
years ago, when my Alma Mater first called me to answer as her 
" student " ; that obedience ripening into a higher duty when, seven- 
teen years after, she called me, young as I was, to speak and answer 
as her " professor " ; and thus, through a long life of academic duty, 
even to my seventy-eighth year, has not only her word been to me 



THE RECEPTION. 97 

law, but her narae and fame have been often on my lips, and always, 
I may say, in my heart, and my words, however feeble, always at 
her call and service ; so that it forms now, I may say, a portion of 
my very " personal identity " to feel myself as part and parcel 
of Columbia College, and answer to the name of " Professor " ; 
and I owe it to the recent liberal kindness of the Trustees, that, 
in relieving me of its active duties, I am still permitted to claim 
its quiet honors, and respond to the title of Professor McVickar. 
What Lord Nelson affirmed of his ship, I might almost anticipate 
of my College, namely, that its name would be found by the doctors, 
after death, visibly engraved on the heart. 

As touching Columbia College, there are few who have known 
her so long or loved her better, and none who can now feel bound 
to her by so many ties of early remembrance, — our baptismal 
names, so to speak, are of the same date, 1787. Born within sound 
of her college-bell, nurtured and trained almost within the shadow 
of her honored walls, my classical preparation was yet, through 
foreign scholarship, fitting me for entrance before my thirteenth 
year. 

I entered, then, the most youthful of all her students, and gradu- 
ated, accordingly, after four years, the youngest of her sons. That 
long looked-for Commencement-day stands marked in my memory. 
Gen. Alexander Hamilton, the pride and boast of our Alma Mater, 
had just fallen in the field of mistaken honor.* The stage, draped 
in black, gave evidence of our sense of loss. His two sons, college 
students, the eldest my classmate, — one of the graduating class, — 
brought the event doubly home to my feelings, already deeply ex- 
cited by my own duty of opening the services of the day by a Latin 
salutatory, — then the highest honor, — whose prescribed subject was 
" Eloquence," and its choicest illustration Hamilton, — the earliest 
eulogium, it comforts me to think, delivered after his death, and by 
the youngest of his reverential admirers, and in the halls of his own 
College. 

Thirteen years after my graduation I was called as successor to 
the Rev. Professor Bowden, in his various college duties, with little 

* An appeal which his heart and conscience rejected, but wanted 
strength to resist. A doubter in his youth, under the influence of 
French infidel companions in the camp, but in his closing hours re- 
turning to his early faith, a sincere and humble believer. 
13 



98 APPENDIX. 

of preparation beyond faith in my early training and favorite maxim, 
'■'■ Perseverantia omnia vincit." Of our College professors I was 
the first "native-born," as well as the first among her own sons 
called to that honor ; so youthful, indeed, was my appearance, that 
my first greeting at the College Board — from old Dr. Wilson, its 
presiding officer — was, "Pray, Mr. McVickar, bow old are you ?" 
To which query I was happily able to reply, (having a few days 
before completed my thirtieth year,) " Oh, Doctor, between thirty 
and forty," — a margin of age that raised me visibly in his good 
opinion. " Oh," said he, " I did not take you to be so old." * 

And now, Mr. Chairman, to turn to the present time and scene 
before me, I here look around on the sons and grandsons of those 
once my companions, and with pride behold so many of them add- 
ing reputation and strength to our common Alma Mater ; and 
the thought often crosses my mind. What a battalion of strength I 
might summon to her side, could I with trumpet-call gather from 
every corner of our land, and every class of honor in it, all who, 
for the past half century, have been to me as pupils and as sons ! 
What a gallant host it would be, Mr. Chairman, to speak in her 
favor and to battle for her cause ! 

But to conclude my " old-world " story. Among the sons I see 
before me, I mark the earliest-born of my College life ; one gradu- 
ating with all its honors, unquestioned head of the first class which 
passed from my hands ; one, even in early life, so eminent in a de- 
partment owing nothing to me, (I mean the higher mathematics,) 
that within a few years he was called to the professor's chair of 
the same, and there adding largely to its reputation, not only at 
home, but abroad ; which last I speak boldly, on the authority of 
the eminent Bowditch, who named him to me as the acutest and 
ablest analyst in our country. I therefore, Mr. Chaii*man, give 
you the health of Professor Henry J. Anderson, the oldest of 
my College sons, — for years our College's learned Professor, and 
now one of our honored Trustees. 

* Professor' McVickar took his degree of A. B. in 1804 ; was elected 
Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Rhetoric, and Belles-Let- 
tres, &c., in 1817; and filled the Chair from that time to the year 1857^ 
when he resigned it, and was made Professor of the Evidences of Natural 
and Revealed Religion. From this Chair he retired in 1864, and was 
made Emeritus Professor of the Evidences of Christianity. He received 
from the College the Honorary Degree of S. T. D. in 1825. 



THE RECEPTION. 99 

The Rev. Dr. Montgomery, being called upon to respond 
on behalf of the clergy, spoke in siibstance as follows : — 

Mr. Chairman, — It gives rae great pleasure to respond to your 
kind summons, and to utter a few words, by way of contribution 
from the clerical order — always the friends of learning and the 
promoters of sound education — to this genial and interesting oc- 
casion. Ahhough an alumnus of, a sister institution of no mean 
celebrity, — the University of Pennsylvania, — yet as a resident of 
New York, as well as an ardent lover of classical Hterature, I am 
rejoiced at every fresh token of the fame of Columbia. Year after 
year I have watched, with increasing interest, the lengthening roll 
of her distinguished sons, and have always entertained the deep 
conviction that she had a great and beneficent mission to fulfil in 
the metropolis where she has been so long known and so highly 
esteemed. Surely we are entitled to expect the noblest results from 
a college so richly endowed, so advantageously situated, and of such 
a continental fame. • 

Is it too much to ask that, through the combined efforts of her 
professors, alumni, and trustees, our venerable College shall become, 
in the strictest sense of the word, an University, where every branch 
of scientific studies shall be pursued, and where languages, philoso- 
phy, history and physics, mathematics and jurisprudence, shall all 
be crowned and consecrated by religion ? Colleges, sir, should aim 
at being not only seats of learning, but seminaries of virtue, from 
whose classic halls, every year, should go forth a noble band of 
young men fitted to become useful and honored citizens of the 
Republic. 

I am sure that we were all delighted with one particular feature 
of the Inaugural Address of our new President. We all responded 
to his sentiment, that the duty of loyalty to the Government was 
only second to the allegiance that we owe to our God. Sir, from my 
very heart I can echo that just and noble assertion. And where, 
let me ask, can we most naturally look for this sacred principle of 
patriotism, — especially in these times of sore trial to our beloved 
country, — save to these very precincts, where Columbia (never 
did the name seem more appropriate than now) is training so many 
of the future citizens and statesmen of the nation in those liberal 
studies which tend so strongly to the formation of a true-hearted 
manhood ? 



100 , APPENDIX. 

Sir, in this connection, let me attempt to supply an omission 
which has hitherto characterized our festal proceedings. Upon 
such a day in the history of Columbia nothing that distinguishes 
her should be forgotten. We have listened with reverential admi- 
ration to the encomiums pronounced upon the honored dead who, 
in one or other of various official trusts, have been associated with 
our institution of learning. We have joined in the eulogies that 
have been bestowed upon the living professors. But, as yet, we 
have forgotten to make special mention of those students of Colum- 
bia, who, in their earliest manhood, have so loved their native land, 
that, leaving behind them these classic halls, and all their familiar 
associations, they have assumed the harness of the warrior, and, 
hastening to the field of fearful strife, have generously imperilled 
their lives in the service of the afflicted Republic. Sir, we give 
these noble young men our heartiest thanks for their patriotic devo- 
tion ; and our gratitude is increased by the conviction that, through 
their self-sacrifice and courage, they have shed an abiding lustre 
upon their Alma Mater. 

It was under her training that these true-hearted champions of the 
RIGHT have gone forth to the battle that is waging for the nation's 
integrity and life ; and as we have watched them enduring the toil 
and facing the danger of the conflict, we have been animated with 
a still firmer faith that the righteous cause would triumph, the 
national honor be vindicated, and this unholy rebellion be forever 
crushed. God in his infinite mercy hasten the glorious consum- 
mation ! and, hereafter, when we meet in the happier days of 
restored union and peace, we will delight in inscribing, among the 
foremost on our College rolls of distinction, these soldier-students of 
Columbia. 

And now, Mr. Chairman, I will detain the company no longer, 
save to express our grateful sense of the abundant hospitality to 
which, as has been already humorously hinted, my clerical brethren 
and myself have done such ample justice, by proposing, as a con- 
cluding sentiment of thanks to those to whom we are indebted for 
the entertainment, the health and happiness of their distinguished 
representative, the gentleman who so worthily occupies the Presi- 
dency of the Board of Trustees, the Hon. Hamilton Fish. 

The following letters were received from Alumni of the 
College. 



THE EECEPTION. 101 

From the Rt. Rev. Dr. Whitehouse, Bishop of Illinois : — 

I received, only last evening, the invitation of the Committee of 
Arrangements to be present at the inauguration of the tenth Presi- 
dent of Columbia College. 

I deeply love and honor my Alma Mater ; and she has perpet- 
uated with intenser interest every feeling of my personal life, by 
the education of my four sons in her venerated halls. 

It is, however, impossible for me, on such short notice, to secure 
the high indulgence of being present on the occasion, especially as 
the annual meeting of the " Board of Missions " takes place on Tues- 
day, in Cleveland. 

I am compelled,' therefore, to content myself with the expres- 
sion of the heartiest interest in this event, as well as all that con- 
cerns the honor and usefulness of the institution. 

I am assured that the Presidency of Dr. Barnard, whom I have 
long known and admired in his public career, will eminently con- 
tribute to secure both. 

From the Hon. W. B. Lawrence, of Rhode Island : — 

I delayed replying to your note of the 15th instant, in the hope 
of being able to be present, on Monday next, at the inauguration of 
the Rev. Dr. Barnard, as the tenth President of Columbia College, 
and thereby evince my respect for my Alma Mater. I could, how- 
ever, have scarcely expected to meet many of those who, with me, 
received, forty-six years ago, the honors of the institution. One 
name I do recognize, among the members of the Committee, as that 
of a friend of my boyhood ; who, during a four years' course, main- 
tained a superiority that no one of his classmates ever attempted to 
question.* There is, moreover, in the Academic Board a professor 
who received his appointment during my junior year. To the Rev. 
Dr. McVickar's instruction in subjects which have since constituted 
my special studies, I feel under the greatest obligations. 

I thank you for the courtesy of your invitation, of which I regret 
my inability to avail myself. 

Letters of regret for their inability to attend w^ere received 
from the Rt. Rev. Dr. Kemper, the venerable Bishop of Wis- 

* Dr. Henry J. Anderson. 



102 APPENDIX. 

consin ; Frederick Phllipse, Esq. ; W. Walton, D. D. ; H. 
Nicoll, Esq. ; J. Lenox, Esq. ; R. Suckley, Esq., Alumni. 

The Alumni of the College were very largely represented. 
It is proper to record the names of the elder graduates who 
testified their affection and regard for their Alma Mater by 
their attendance. As it was difficult to obtain the names 
of all who were present, it is probable that some may be 
omitted. The list of those whose attendance was noted — 
other than members of the Board of Trustees, and of the 
Faculties and Officers of the College — is as follows : the 
Hon. Gulian C. Verplanck, LL. D., Class of 1801 ; Hon. 
Gouverneur Kemble, Class of 1803 ; William E. Dunscomb, 
C. L., Class of 1806 ; Hon. Hugh Maxwell, A. M., Class 
of 1808; John Brown, S. T. D., Class of 1811; James W. 
Gerard, LL. D., Class of 1811; William L. Johnson, S. T. 
D., Class of 1819 ; Gabriel P. Dissosway, A. M., Class of 
1819; Samuel R. Johnson, S.T.D., Class of 1820; George 
H. Fisher, S. T. D., Class of 1821; Adrian H. Muller, Class 
of 1822; John A. Hicks, D.D., Class of 1823; Alexander S. 
Leonard, S.T.D., Class of 1825; Prof. William H. Crosby, 
Class of 1827 ; George Ireland, C. L., Class of 1830; James W. 
Beekman, A. M., Class of 1834; Evert A. Duyckinck, A. M., 
Class of 1835 ; William H. Wilson, A. M., Class of 1835 ; John 
M. Knox, A.M., Class of 1838; Rev. William A. McVickar, 
A. M., Class of 1846 ; Charles A. Silliman, A. M., Class of 
1850. 

And the following Alumni, who represented the Stand- 
ing Committee of the Alumni Association : Frederick De 
Peyster, A. M., Class of 1816 ; Mancer M. Backus, A. M., 
Class of 1838 ; George P. Quackenbos, A. M., Class of 1843 ; 
Jeremiah Loder, A. M., Class of 1846 ; Rev. William G. Far- 
rington, A. M., Class of 1853 ; John Crosby Brown, A. M., 
Class of 1859 ; Eugene H. Pomeroy, A. M., Class of 1860 ; 
Gratz Nathan, A. M., Class of 1861 ; Emile Lacombe, A.B., 
Class of 1863. A. S. Van Duzer, A. M., Class of 1853, Sec- 
retary of the Alumni Association. 



THE RECEPTION. 103 

The following letters were received from gentlemen inter- 
ested in education, who had been invited to honor the occa- 
sion by their presence. 

From the Hon. William H. Seward, Secretary of State : — 

I give you my sincere thanks for your kind invitation to the 
inauguration of the Rev. Dr. Barnard into the office of President 
of Columbia College. 

Holding that institution in affectionate reverence, and highly 
esteeming the distinguished gentleman who is to be charged with 
its conduct, it would afford me very great pleasure to accept your 
invitation. But I am beset here with daily cares that render the 
indulgence impossible. 

From Admiral W. B. Shubrick : — 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of an invitation, 
from the Trustees of Columbia College, to be present at the inau- 
guration of the Rev. F. A. P. Barnard, as President of that vener- 
able institution. 

It causes me great regret that official engagements forbid my 
accepting this invitation, and that I am prevented from offei'ing in 
person, to the Trustees, my congratulations on the occasion of their 
obtaining the services of so learned and eloquent a gentleman ; one 
so worthy to succeed the illustrious Presidents who have given so 
high a character to Columbia College. 

From J. E. Hilyard, Esq., of the Coast Survey: — 

It is with great regret that I am obliged, by pressing official 
duties, to deny myself the pleasui*e of being present at the inaugu- 
ration of Dr. Barnard, in compliance with the invitation I have had 
the honor of receiving. 

As a friend and recent associate of Dr. Barnard's, and enter- 
taining for him the warmest personal regard, the occasion would be 
doubly interesting to me. May your time-honored institution con- 
tinue to prosper under its new administration. 

From Prof. B. Silliman, (since deceased) : — 

I have been honored by the receipt of your circular of Septem- 



104 APPENDIX. 

ber l5th, inviting me to be present at the inauguration of the Rev. 
F. A. P. Barnard, D. D., LL. D., as President of Columbia College. 

I have to regret that it will not be in my power to attend on 
that interesting occasion ; but I remember with pleasure that Colum- 
bia College derived its first President, the Rev. Samuel Johnson, 
from Connecticut, and his son, the late illustrious Samuel William 
Johnson, after one interregnum, succeeded to the same office. He 
was still a bright luminary, even in old age, when I was favored 
by an interview with him in his retirement in Stratford ; and your 
President elect, as well as the two Presidents Johnson, is an alum- 
nus of Yale. 

We view with pleasure the increasing prosperity and fame of 
Columbia College, among whose alumni are found not a few names 
illustrious in the annals of our country. 

From Horace Binney, Jr., Esq., of Philadelphia : — 

I received, yesterday, your Committee's kind note, dated 15th 
inst., inviting me to attend the inauguration of Rev. Dr. Barnard, 
as President of Columbia College. 

Few things would give me greater pleasure than to take part 
in doing honor to my dear friend, and classmate of forty years' 
standing, the President elect, by my attendance on the occasion of 
his instalment ; but having just returned to my office after a pro- 
tracted absence, I find it not to be in my power to be absent on 
Monday next. 

I thank you for your kind invitation. Please accept my felici- 
tations to the College on the choice which they have made of a most 
worthy and accomplished head. 

From Edmund Blunt, Esq., of Brooklyn : — 
I regret that I shall be unable to attend the inauguration of the 
Rev. Dr. Bai-nard as President of Columbia College, as I am obliged 
to be absent from the city for some days. As a friend to religion 
and learning, I feel pleased at the bright prospects of an institution 
that has graduated, and will, I hope, continue to graduate her full 
share of Christian gentlemen. 

From Major-General Silas Casey, U. S. A. : — 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation 



THE RECEPTION. 105 

to the inauguration of Eev. F. A. P. Barnard, D. D., LL. D., &c. 
Please accept my thanks for the invitation, of which, however, it 
will be impossible for me to take advantage. 

I regret the more my inability to attend, on account of the friend- 
ship which I bear Dr. Barnard personally, as well as the respect 
with which I regard him as a Christian gentleman and a scholar 
of profound attainments. 

From Rear- Admiral C. H. Davis, United States Navy : — 

I was in Cambridge when your invitation of September 15th, to 
be present at the inauguration of my friend. Rev. Dr. Barnard, as 
Pi-esident of Columbia College, reached Washington. I regret ex- 
ceedingly that I could not have the pleasure of being present at this 
interesting ceremony. I have many agreeable associations with the 
College, formed when it occupied its old site, at the foot of Park 
Place. They carry me back as far as the time when the Chair of 
the Greek Professorship was filled by Dr. Moore, in whose house I 
was a constant and intimate visitor, and through whom I became 
acquainted with Dr. McVickar, and other eminent gentlemen con- 
nected with the institution. 

I return your greetings with cordiality. The rebellion has rather 
strengthened than diminished my desire to extend the limits of sci- 
entific and classical education in our own country, and thus to give 
our society that which, through its recent and peculiar constitution, 
it must necessarily stand in some measure in need of, — the highest 
refinement, culture, and polish. 

Letters regretting their inability to attend were received 
from the following gentlemen : His Honor the Mayor ; George 
W. Blunt, Esq. ; Prof. Graeff W. Barton ; J. W. Gilliss, Esq. ; 
Major-General J. G. Barnard, U. S. A. ; Lieut.-Governor D. 
R. Floyd Jones; Prof. James D. Dana; Rev. D. V. McLean; 
J. Ferguson, Esq., National Observatory; Richard L*vin, Pres- 
ident of St. Andrews Society ; Emlen T. Littell, Esq. ; Rev. 
J. C. Dutcher; Capt. E. C. Boynton, U. S. Army, Military 
Academy, West Point; Rev. T. E. Vermilye, D. D.; Rev. 
S. D. Denison; John Travers, Esq.; Rev. John McClintock, 
D.D. 

14 



106 APPENDIX. 

In bringing this Narrative to a close, the Committee of 
Arrangements desire to express their sense of obligation to 
the several gentlemen who, in various ways, rendered to 
them most valuable assistance in the discharge of their du- 
ties, and contributed largely to the success of the celebration. 
To Professor Peck, LL. D., and A. S. Van Duzer, A. M., 
Secretary of the Alumni Association, who were the Marshals 
of the Day, the thanks of the Committee are especially due 
for the energy, promptness, and skill with which they exe- 
cuted the task assigned them ; and also to the several young 
gentlemen who were the Marshals' Aids, — Messrs. Lenox 
Smith, of the Senior Class, D. Lord, Jr., of the Junior, Clar- 
ence Hyde, of the Sophomore, and James M. Brady, of the 
Freshman. 

William A. Jones, A. M., the accomplished Librarian of 
the College, Mr. (now, deservedly. Doctor) William H. Wal- 
ter, the Organist, and Mr. Stephen R. Weeks, the Assistant- 
Librarian, likewise rendered important services, which the 
Committee desire gratefully to acknowledge. 



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